1. 数据库连接实际上是客户端和远程数据库服务器建立了一个socket连接, 创建过程比较耗性能和时间, 因此出现了数据库连接池技术。
2. 数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接, 它允许应用程序重复使用一个现有的数据库连接,而不是再重新建立一个。这项技术能明显提高对数据库操作的性能。
3. 连接池基本的思想是在系统初始化的时候, 将数据库连接作为对象存储在内存中, 当用户需要访问数据库时, 并非建立一个新的连接, 而是从连接池中取出一个已建立的空闲连接对象。使用完毕后, 用户也并非将连接关闭, 而是将连接放回连接池中, 以供下一个请求访问使用。而连接的建立、断开都由连接池自身来管理。同时, 还可以通过设置连接池的参数来控制连接池中的初始连接数、连接的上下限数以及每个连接的最大使用次数、最大空闲时间等等。也可以通过其自身的管理机制来监视数据库连接的数量、使用情况等。
4. 在Java中常用的开源的数据库连接池有以下几种
4.1. C3P0: 是一个开放源代码的JDBC连接池, 包括了实现jdbc3和jdbc2扩展规范说明的Connection和Statement池的DataSources 对象。
4.2. Proxool: 是一个Java SQL Driver驱动程序, 提供了对选择的其它类型的驱动程序的连接池封装。可以非常简单的移植到现存的代码中, 完全可配置, 快速、成熟、健壮。可以透明地为现存的JDBC驱动程序增加连接池功能。
4.3. Jakarta DBCP: DBCP是一个依赖Jakartacommons-pool对象池机制的数据库连接池。DBCP可以直接的在应用程序中使用。
4.4. 目前Proxool和DBCP以及C3P0一起, 最为常见的三种JDBC连接池技术。
4.5. 后来, Hibernate官方宣布由于Bug太多不再支持DBCP, 而推荐使用C3P0或Proxool。
5. 自己实现Java的数据库连接池接口(DataSource)
5.1. 创建一个名称为SunDataSource的Java工程, 使用之前的JDBCUtil.java和jdbc.properties属性文件
5.2. 创建一个MyDataSource.java实现Java的DataSource接口
package com.lywgames.myjdbc;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import com.lywgames.util.JDBCUtil;
/**
* 实现java的DataSource接口
*/
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource {
private List<Connection> list = new ArrayList<Connection>();
/**
* 对象一创建就创建10个数据库连接对象, 放到list对象
*/
public MyDataSource() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection conn = JDBCUtil.getConn();
list.add(conn);
}
}
// 该连接池对外公布的获取连接的方法
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
// 发现连接池的连接数量为0, 自动扩容
if(list.size() == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection conn = JDBCUtil.getConn();
list.add(conn);
}
}
return list.remove(0);
}
/**
* 归还数据库连接对象
* @param conn
*/
public void backConnection(Connection conn) {
System.out.println("归还连接前, 连接数:" + list.size());
list.add(conn);
System.out.println("归还连接后, 连接数:" + list.size());
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter arg0) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setLoginTimeout(int arg0) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> arg0) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> arg0) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
5.3. 使用MyDataSource
package com.lywgames.myjdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import com.lywgames.util.JDBCUtil;
public class MyJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
// 创建自己的连接池对象
MyDataSource ds = new MyDataSource();
try {
conn = ds.getConnection();
ps = conn.prepareStatement("insert into user values(null,?,?,?)");
ps.setString(1, "lvbu");
ps.setString(2, "123456");
ps.setTimestamp(3, new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.release(ps);
}
// 归还连接
ds.backConnection(conn);
}
}
5.4. 运行程序, 查看结果
6. 对连接进行包装
6.1. 创建一个名称为MyDataSourceConnectionWrap的Java工程, 使用之前的JDBCUtil.java和jdbc.properties属性文件
6.2. 创建一个ConnectionWrap.java实现Connection接口
package com.lywgames.myjdbc;
import java.sql.Array;
import java.sql.Blob;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Clob;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.NClob;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLClientInfoException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.SQLXML;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Struct;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* 使用使用装饰者模式, 对JDBC实际创建的Connection对象进行包装
*/
public class ConnectionWrap implements Connection {
private List<Connection> list;
private Connection connection;
public ConnectionWrap(Connection connection, List<Connection> list) {
this.connection = connection;
this.list = list;
}
// 在Connection对象的close方法里归还数据库连接
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
System.out.println("调用close方法归还连接前: " + list.size());
this.list.add(connection);
System.out.println("调用close方法归还连接后: " + list.size());
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> arg0) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> arg0) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {}
@Override
public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {}
}
6.3. 创建一个MyDataSource.java实现DataSource接口
package com.lywgames.myjdbc;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import com.lywgames.util.JDBCUtil;
/**
* 实现java的DataSource接口
*/
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource {
private List<Connection> list = new ArrayList<Connection>();
/**
* 对象一创建就创建10个数据库连接对象, 放到list对象
*/
public MyDataSource() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
list.add(JDBCUtil.getConn());
}
}
// 该连接池对外公布的获取连接的方法
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
// 发现连接池的连接数量为0, 自动扩容
if(list.size() == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
list.add(JDBCUtil.getConn());
}
}
// 对之前的Connection对象进行包装
Connection connectionWrap = new ConnectionWrap(list.remove(0), list);
return connectionWrap;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter arg0) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public void setLoginTimeout(int arg0) throws SQLException {}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> arg0) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> arg0) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
6.4. 使用MyDataSource
package com.lywgames.myjdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import com.lywgames.util.JDBCUtil;
public class MyJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
// 创建自己的连接池对象
MyDataSource ds = new MyDataSource();
try {
conn = ds.getConnection();
ps = conn.prepareStatement("insert into user values(null,?,?,?)");
ps.setString(1, "diaochan");
ps.setString(2, "123456");
ps.setTimestamp(3, new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtil.release(conn, ps);
}
}
}
6.5. 运行程序, 查看结果