oracle用户目录误删除的恢复

当我们在安装Oracle软件前，必须先创建oracle用户组，如oinstall,dba,oper等，并且必须创建oracle用户

在创建完用户账户后，会自动在/home文件夹下，增加一个以用户名命名的文件夹，里面就是存放该用户的一些环境变量等信息

当我们在做文件清理的时候，如果不小心执行了rm -rf /home/oracle，那么该如何恢复这些文件呢？

其实在创建用户的过程中，还会对几个目录进行修改，大致有以下几个：

/etc/passwd --用户密码

/etc/shadow --密钥文件

/etc/group --用户组

/etc/skel/.* --骨架文件

看一下这些文件中和oracle用户相关的内容：

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ cat /etc/passwd |grep oracle

oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ cat /etc/shadow |grep oracle

cat: /etc/shadow: Permission denied

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ su - root

Password: 

[root@ora11g ~]# cat /etc/shadow |grep oracle

oracle:$1$J8eXSYtR$xHRcqxnw3ReD9o7VyNAWf/:16511:0:99999:7:::

[root@ora11g ~]# cat /etc/group

root:x:0:root

bin:x:1:root,bin,daemon

daemon:x:2:root,bin,daemon

sys:x:3:root,bin,adm

adm:x:4:root,adm,daemon

tty:x:5:

disk:x:6:root

lp:x:7:daemon,lp

mem:x:8:

kmem:x:9:

wheel:x:10:root

mail:x:12:mail

news:x:13:news

uucp:x:14:uucp

man:x:15:

games:x:20:

gopher:x:30:

dip:x:40:

ftp:x:50:

lock:x:54:

nobody:x:99:

users:x:100:

utmp:x:22:

utempter:x:35:

nscd:x:28:

floppy:x:19:

vcsa:x:69:

pcap:x:77:

slocate:x:21:

ntp:x:38:

dbus:x:81:

audio:x:63:gdm

avahi:x:70:

rpc:x:32:

mailnull:x:47:

smmsp:x:51:

sshd:x:74:

oprofile:x:16:

rpcuser:x:29:

nfsnobody:x:65534:

xfs:x:43:

stapdev:x:101:

stapusr:x:102:

stap-server:x:155:

haldaemon:x:68:

avahi-autoipd:x:156:

gdm:x:42:

sabayon:x:86:

oinstall:x:54321:

dba:x:54322:oracle

[root@ora11g ~]# cd /etc/skel

[root@ora11g skel]# ls -la

total 64

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Mar 17 16:11 .

drwxr-xr-x 96 root root 12288 May  4 10:00 ..

-rw-r--r--  1 root root    33 Jun  2  2011 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   176 Jun  2  2011 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   124 Jun  2  2011 .bashrc

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   515 Jun 21  2011 .emacs

drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Feb  1  2012 .mozilla

[root@ora11g skel]# cd /home/oracle

[root@ora11g oracle]# ls -la

total 44

drwx------ 4 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 10:22 .

drwxr-xr-x 3 root   root     4096 Mar 17 16:49 ..

-rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 2381 May  4 10:20 .bash_history

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   33 Mar 17 16:49 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  328 Mar 18 13:01 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  124 Mar 17 16:49 .bashrc

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  515 Mar 17 16:49 .emacs

drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 17 16:49 .mozilla

drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 17 17:06 .oracle

-rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 1408 Mar 18 13:01 .viminfo

可以看到/etc/skel目录下的几个文件同/home/oracle目录下的文件时相同的

[root@ora11g oracle]# cd .oracle

[root@ora11g .oracle]# ls -la

total 12

drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 17 17:06 .

drwx------ 4 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 10:22 ..

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 17 17:18 logs

[root@ora11g .oracle]# 

[root@ora11g .oracle]# cd logs

[root@ora11g logs]# ll

total 260

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 41693 Mar 17 17:06 installActions2015-03-17_05-03-57PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33118 Mar 17 17:09 installActions2015-03-17_05-08-08PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33118 Mar 17 17:13 installActions2015-03-17_05-12-54PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33118 Mar 17 17:17 installActions2015-03-17_05-15-29PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33118 Mar 17 17:17 installActions2015-03-17_05-17-07PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33118 Mar 17 17:18 installActions2015-03-17_05-17-49PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 33147 Mar 17 17:18 installActions2015-03-17_05-18-26PM.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:06 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-03-57PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:06 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-03-57PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:09 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-08-08PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:09 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-08-08PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:13 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-12-54PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:13 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-12-54PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:17 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-15-29PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:17 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-15-29PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:17 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-17-07PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:17 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-17-07PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:18 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-17-49PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:18 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-17-49PM.out

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:18 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-18-26PM.err

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Mar 17 17:18 oraInstall2015-03-17_05-18-26PM.out

/home/oracle/.oracle/logs目录中存放的是在用OUI安装oracle软件时生成的一些日志信息

好，现在了解了大致的目录结构，那么当我们由于误操作删除了/home/oracle目录后，恢复其实就很容易了

即只需要把/etc/skel目录下的文件全都拷贝到原目录下，应该就可以解决这个问题了，下面我们来看一下测试过程

在数据库正常运行的情况下，把/home/oracle目录删除，为了提高可恢复性，把具有危险操作的rm -rf操作替换成mv更名操作

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon May 4 11:17:21 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size     2257840 bytes

Variable Size   507513936 bytes

Database Buffers   322961408 bytes

Redo Buffers     2371584 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> host

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle

root      3402  3289  0 10:22 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

oracle    3403  3402  0 10:22 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

root      3587  3433  0 10:56 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

oracle    3588  3587  0 10:56 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

root     24415  3618  0 11:14 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

oracle   24416 24415  0 11:14 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

oracle   24453 24416  0 11:17 pts/2    00:00:00 sqlplus   as sysdba

oracle   24463     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g

oracle   24467     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora11g

oracle   24471     1  2 11:17 ?        00:00:02 ora_vktm_ora11g

oracle   24477     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora11g

oracle   24481     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ora11g

oracle   24485     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora11g

oracle   24489     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora11g

oracle   24493     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ora11g

oracle   24497     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora11g

oracle   24501     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora11g

oracle   24505     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora11g

oracle   24509     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ora11g

oracle   24513     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ora11g

oracle   24517     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ora11g

oracle   24521     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora11g

oracle   24525     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ora11g

oracle   24529     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ora11g

oracle   24543 24453  0 11:17 ?        00:00:01 oracleora11g (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))

oracle   24547     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_ora11g

oracle   24551     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_ora11g

oracle   24555     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc2_ora11g

oracle   24559     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc3_ora11g

oracle   24563     1  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora11g

oracle   24591     1  0 11:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_ora11g

oracle   24595     1  0 11:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_ora11g

oracle   24599     1  0 11:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora11g

oracle   24665 24453  0 11:19 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/bash

oracle   24684 24665  0 11:19 pts/2    00:00:00 ps -ef

oracle   24685 24665  0 11:19 pts/2    00:00:00 grep oracle

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ exit

[root@ora11g ~]# cd /home

[root@ora11g home]# mv /home/oracle /home/oracle_bak

[root@ora11g home]# ls -la

total 20

drwxr-xr-x  3 root   root     4096 May  4 11:33 .

drwxr-xr-x 26 root   root     4096 May  4 10:00 ..

drwx------  4 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 11:30 oracle_bak

[root@ora11g home]# mkdir oracle

[root@ora11g home]# chown oracle:oinstall oracle

[root@ora11g home]# ls -la

total 24

drwxr-xr-x  4 root   root     4096 May  4 11:33 .

drwxr-xr-x 26 root   root     4096 May  4 10:00 ..

drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 11:33 oracle

drwx------  4 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 11:30 oracle_bak

[root@ora11g home]# cd /etc/skel

[root@ora11g skel]# ls -la

total 64

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Mar 17 16:11 .

drwxr-xr-x 96 root root 12288 May  4 11:07 ..

-rw-r--r--  1 root root    33 Jun  2  2011 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   176 Jun  2  2011 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   124 Jun  2  2011 .bashrc

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   515 Jun 21  2011 .emacs

drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Feb  1  2012 .mozilla

[root@ora11g skel]# cp .* /home/oracle/

cp: omitting directory `.'

cp: omitting directory `..'

cp: omitting directory `.mozilla'

[root@ora11g skel]# cd /home/oracle

[root@ora11g oracle]# ls -la

total 28

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 11:33 .

drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root     4096 May  4 11:33 ..

-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root       33 May  4 11:33 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      176 May  4 11:33 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      124 May  4 11:33 .bashrc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      515 May  4 11:33 .emacs

注意权限，必须是oracle用户，oinstall组的

[root@ora11g oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle -R

[root@ora11g oracle]# ls -la

total 28

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May  4 11:33 .

drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root     4096 May  4 11:33 ..

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   33 May  4 11:33 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  176 May  4 11:33 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  124 May  4 11:33 .bashrc

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  515 May  4 11:33 .emacs

[root@ora11g oracle]# su - oracle

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

-bash: sqlplus: command not found

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ vi .bash_profile

添加以下环境变量的内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=ora11g

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ . .bash_profile

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon May 4 11:36:31 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 

oracle用户又可以继续登录了