Mingw 使用to_string遇到Multiple definition of vsnprintf

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-05 11:30:20 发布
转载 最新推荐文章于 2022-05-05 11:30:20 发布 · 1.1k 阅读 · 1 ·
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原文链接：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43294488/mingw-g-multiple-definition-of-vsnprintf-when-using-to-string

本文介绍了一种解决在使用C++11的to_string()方法时遇到的链接错误的方法。通过安装MinGW的mingw32-libmingwex-dev包，可以有效避免这一问题，确保代码在MinGW环境下顺利编译。

to_string()方法是C++11标准加入的。我在尝试使用它的时候遇到了该链接错误。

参考stack overflow上的一个解答：
安装MinGW的 mingw32-libmingwex-dev （使用mingw-get安装最方便） 即可解决问题。

原解答链接

aabbfan
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PS D:\mywork\mycode\ku> g++ main.cpp -o t1 D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::getLevel() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x78): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CLogger::log(Marvels::Infra::LogLevel, char const*, int, char const*, char const*, ...) const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9d): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xa9): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::init()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x107): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::update(unsigned char const*, unsigned long long)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x117): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::final(unsigned char*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x14b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::hex(char*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x19a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::~CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1ce): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMd5::~CMd5()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x2b5): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::base64Encode(char*, char const*, int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x34b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::base64Decode(char*, char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3c4): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::~CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x45e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::~CMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x488): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4d8): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::~CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x4fa): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::~CRecursiveMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x524): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x5b8): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::~CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x5eb): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::~CReadWriteMutex()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x63c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::signal()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x65f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::CSemaphore(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x683): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::wait()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x6cf): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::~CSemaphore()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x6f1): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSemaphore::~CSemaphore()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x734): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::done()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x76c): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::done()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x78a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x7a2): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::add(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x7ee): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::wait()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x86b): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::~CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x89e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CWaitGroup::~CWaitGroup()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x97f): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::CStrParser(char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x992): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::locateString(char const*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9d6): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::~CStrParser()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x9e7): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CStrParser::~CStrParser()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xa70): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::StrConv::trim(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xade): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::StrConv::toUpper(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xbac): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CTime::getCurrentTime()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xbcc): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CTime::format(char*, char const*, int) const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xc33): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::version()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xc85): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::CSockAddr(char const*, unsigned short)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xcb1): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::getIp[abi:cxx11]() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xce4): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::getPort() const' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd1e): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::~CSockAddr()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xd43): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CSockAddr::~CSockAddr()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xdbd): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::CThread(char const*, unsigned int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xde3): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::start(std::function<void (void*)>, void*)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xdf9): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::sleep(unsigned int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::stop()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe11): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::~CThread()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xe33): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThread::~CThread()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xedb): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::instance()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xef0): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::start(int)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf13): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::run(std::function<int ()>)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf42): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::run(std::function<int ()>)' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text+0xf5a): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CThreadPool::stop()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardC1ERNS0_6CMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardC1ERNS0_6CMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::enter()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra6CGuardD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardC1ERNS0_15CRecursiveMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardC1ERNS0_15CRecursiveMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::enter()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra15CRecursiveGuardD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CRecursiveMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::enterReading()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardReadingD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingC1ERNS0_15CReadWriteMutexE]+0x26): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::enterWriting()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingD1Ev[_ZN7Marvels5Infra13CGuardWritingD1Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::CReadWriteMutex::leave()' D:/apply/Vscode/MSYS2/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\sdses\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAJdlRj.o:main.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZN7Marvels5Infra7gloggerE[.refptr._ZN7Marvels5Infra7gloggerE]+0x0): undefined reference to `Marvels::Infra::glogger' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status PS D:\mywork\mycode\ku>
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string是C++标准库的一个重要的部分，主要用于字符串处理。可以使用输入输出流方式直接进行操作，也可以通过文件等手段进行操作。同时C++的算法库对string也有着很好的支持，而且string还和c语言的字符串之间有着良好的接口。虽然也有一些弊端，但是瑕不掩瑜。其中使用的代码多数都是来自cpp官网，因为例子非常全。声明和初始化方法：想使用string首先要在头文件当中加入< string...
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