Chain of Responsibility也就是职责链模式,通过使用链式结构,使对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免请求的发送者与接受者间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成链,并沿着该链传递请求,直到有对象处理为止。
实现的关键在于处理对象的转发机制,也就是如果我能处理,那么我处理,如果不能处理,就转发给后面的对象处理。但普通的实现方法中,该处理对象必须保有后面对象的引用,也就是仍存在一定程度的耦合。理想的情况是处理对象(handler)之间彼此不知对方,通过另外的机制完成对象传递。
Apache有开源框架实现职责链模式,用户可以通过配置xml来决定请求的处理顺序,而handler只需实现固定接口即可。
举个例子:
某皮包公司有各种总,但这些总共享三个秘书(不要理解错了),分为为lilyzhou, LucyWang和RuHua。总们签署的文件会交给秘书们处理,lilyzhou是大秘,LucyWang是二秘,RuHua是三秘。liliy不愿意处理的文件交给LucyWang,LucyWang不愿意处理的交给Ruhua。ruhua没有不愿意的权利,只能自己处理。
秘书们的特殊爱好如下:lilyzhou只处理boss.zhang签署的文件(她认为自己是秘书中的老大),LucyWang只处理boss.li签署的文件,Ruahua处理她们不愿意的处理的文件(有人的地方就有江湖啊)
下面贴出代码:
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain;
public interface Secretary {
public void handover(ImporantFile file);
public void dealWithIt(ImporantFile file);
}
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain;
public class ImporantFile {
/**
* 文件签名 boss.zhang, boss.li, bossWang
*/
private String signature;
public String getSignature() {
return signature;
}
public void setSignature(String signature) {
this.signature = signature;
}
}
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.impl.LilyZhou;
public class BossOnDuty {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ImporantFile file = new ImporantFile();
file.setSignature("boss.sun");
Secretary secretary = new LilyZhou();
secretary.handover(file);
}
}
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.impl;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.ImporantFile;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.Secretary;
public class LilyZhou implements Secretary {
private Secretary lucyWang = new LucyWang();
@Override
public void handover(ImporantFile file) {
if (file.getSignature().equals("boss.zhang")) {
dealWithIt(file);
} else {
lucyWang.handover(file);
}
}
@Override
public void dealWithIt(ImporantFile file) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("lilyzhou deal with it.");
}
}
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.impl;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.ImporantFile;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.Secretary;
public class LucyWang implements Secretary{
private Secretary ruhua = new RuHua();
@Override
public void handover(ImporantFile file) {
if (file.getSignature().equals("boss.li")) {
dealWithIt(file);
} else {
ruhua.handover(file);
}
}
@Override
public void dealWithIt(ImporantFile file) {
System.out.println("lucyWang deal with it.");
}
}
package com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.impl;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.ImporantFile;
import com.inspur.jiyq.designpattern.responsibilitychain.Secretary;
public class RuHua implements Secretary {
@Override
public void handover(ImporantFile file) {
// RuHua can not deliever it to anybody else
dealWithIt(file);
}
@Override
public void dealWithIt(ImporantFile file) {
System.out.println("RuHua deal with it.");
}
}