Mysql数据库基础

关系型数据库介绍

数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有:

  • 层次模型
  • 网状结构
  • 关系模型

关系模型:
二维关系:row(行),column(列)
数据库管理系统:DBMS
关系:Relational,RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统:

  • MySQL:MySQL,MariaDB,Percona-Server
  • PostgreSQL:简称为pgsql
  • Oracle
  • MSSQL

SQL:Structure Query Language,结构化查询语言

约束:constraint,向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

  • 主键约束:一个或多个字段的组合,填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据,不能为空(NOT NULL)。
    一个表只能存在一个

  • 惟一键约束:一个或多个字段的组合,填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空(NULL)
    一个表可以存在多个

  • 外键约束:一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据

  • 检查性约束

索引:将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存,并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有:

  • 数据库:database
  • 表:table,由行(row)和列(column)组成
  • 索引:index
  • 视图:view
  • 用户:user
  • 权限:privilege
  • 存储过程:procedure
  • 存储函数:function
  • 触发器:trigger
  • 事件调度器:event scheduler

SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型:

  • DDL:Data Defination Language,数据定义语言
  • DML:Data Manipulation Language,数据操纵语言
  • DCL:Data Control Language,数据控制语言
SQL语句类型对应操作
DDLCREATE:创建
DROP:删除
ALTER:修改
DMLINSERT:向表中插入数据
DELETE:删除表中数据
UPDATE:更新表中数据
SELECT:查询表中数据
DCLGRANT:授权
REVOKE:移除授权

mysql安装与配置

mysql安装

mysql安装方式有三种:

  • 源代码:编译安装
  • 二进制格式的程序包:展开至特定路径,并经过简单配置后即可使用
  • 程序包管理器管理的程序包:
    • rpm:有两种
      • OS Vendor:操作系统发行商提供的
      • 项目官方提供的
    • deb

配置mysql的yum源

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

位置:https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm [跟随至新的 URL]
--2022-07-22 05:48:05--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.55.248.248
正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.55.248.248|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:25680 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm”

mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm    100%[=================================================================================================>]  25.08K  83.1KB/s  用时 0.3s

2022-07-22 05:48:07 (83.1 KB/s) - 已保存 “mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm” [25680/25680])

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
警告:mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]

使用yum安装mysql5.7需要的软件包,,关闭此模块yum module disable mysql

[root@localhost ~]# yum module disable mysql
上次元数据过期检查:0:13:35 前,执行于 2022年07月22日 星期五 06时04分16秒。
依赖关系解决。
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
 软件包                                      架构                                       版本                                           仓库                                         大小
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
禁用模块:
 mysql

事务概要
=========================================================================================================================================================================================

确定吗?[y/N]: y
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel --nogpgcheck
....

已安装:
  mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64    mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64       mysql-community-devel-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64    mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
  mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64    ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64

完毕!
[root@localhost ~]#

mysql配置

启动服务并设置开机自启

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-07-22 06:22:19 EDT; 2s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 3856 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3802 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3858 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 23330)
   Memory: 328.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─3858 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

7月 22 06:22:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
7月 22 06:22:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@localhost ~]#

查看端口

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antlp
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         Process
LISTEN         0              128                         127.0.0.1:6010                        0.0.0.0:*             users:(("sshd",pid=2427,fd=15))
LISTEN         0              128                           0.0.0.0:111                         0.0.0.0:*             users:(("rpcbind",pid=1016,fd=4),("systemd",pid=1,fd=116))
LISTEN         0              32                      192.168.122.1:53                          0.0.0.0:*             users:(("dnsmasq",pid=2125,fd=6))
LISTEN         0              128                           0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*             users:(("sshd",pid=1279,fd=5))
LISTEN         0              5                           127.0.0.1:631                         0.0.0.0:*             users:(("cupsd",pid=1285,fd=10))
LISTEN         0              128                             [::1]:6010                           [::]:*             users:(("sshd",pid=2427,fd=14))
LISTEN         0              80                                  *:3306                              *:*             users:(("mysqld",pid=3858,fd=22))
LISTEN         0              128                              [::]:111                            [::]:*             users:(("rpcbind",pid=1016,fd=6),("systemd",pid=1,fd=118))
LISTEN         0              128                              [::]:22                             [::]:*             users:(("sshd",pid=1279,fd=7))
LISTEN         0              5                               [::1]:631                            [::]:*             users:(("cupsd",pid=1285,fd=9))
[root@localhost ~]#

在日志文件中找出临时密码

[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-07-22T10:22:17.900718Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: bf.Zx4-qShsi

登录并修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pbf.Zx4-qShsi
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'haha123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#

mariadb安装与设置密码

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb*
......
已安装:
  Judy-1.0.5-18.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                                             copy-jdk-configs-4.0-2.el8.noarch
  galera-25.3.32-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                                          java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1:1.8.0.322.b06-11.el8.x86_64
  javapackages-filesystem-5.3.0-1.module_el8.0.0+11+5b8c10bd.noarch                            jna-4.5.1-5.el8.x86_64
  keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                                                      krb5-devel-1.18.2-14.el8.x86_64
  libaio-devel-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64                                                            libcom_err-devel-1.45.6-2.el8.x86_64
  libkadm5-1.18.2-14.el8.x86_64                                                                libselinux-devel-2.9-5.el8.x86_64
  libsepol-devel-2.9-3.el8.x86_64                                                              libverto-devel-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64
  lksctp-tools-1.0.18-3.el8.x86_64                                                             mariadb-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-backup-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                                mariadb-common-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64                                                    mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch
  mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64                                              mariadb-connector-odbc-3.1.12-1.el8.x86_64
  mariadb-devel-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                                 mariadb-embedded-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-embedded-devel-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                        mariadb-errmsg-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-gssapi-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                         mariadb-java-client-2.7.1-2.el8.noarch
  mariadb-oqgraph-engine-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                        mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-server-galera-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                         mariadb-server-utils-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
  mariadb-test-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64                                  openssl-devel-1:1.1.1k-5.el8_5.x86_64
  pcre2-devel-10.32-2.el8.x86_64                                                               pcre2-utf16-10.32-2.el8.x86_64
  pcre2-utf32-10.32-2.el8.x86_64                                                               perl-DBD-MySQL-4.046-3.module_el8.3.0+419+c2dec72b.x86_64
  perl-Env-1.04-395.el8.noarch                                                                 perl-Memoize-1.03-421.el8.noarch
  perl-Test-Simple-1:1.302135-1.el8.noarch                                                     perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9758-2.el8.x86_64
  tzdata-java-2022a-2.el8.noarch                                                               unixODBC-2.3.7-1.el8.x86_64
  zlib-devel-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64

完毕!

.....

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now  mariadb.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('1');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值