管理会话的命令
命令 |
目的/作用 |
clc |
清除命令窗口。 |
clear |
从内存中删除变量。 |
exist |
检查存在的文件或变量。 |
global |
声明变量为全局。 |
help |
搜索帮助主题。 |
lookfor |
搜索帮助关键字条目。 |
quit |
停止MATLAB。 |
who |
列出当前变量。 |
whos |
列出当前变量(长显示)。 |
使用系统命令
命令 |
目的/作用 |
cd |
改变当前目录。 |
date |
显示当前日期。 |
delete |
删除一个文件。 |
diary |
日记文件记录开/关切换。 |
dir |
列出当前目录中的所有文件。 |
load |
负载工作区从一个文件中的变量。 |
path |
显示搜索路径。 |
pwd |
显示当前目录。 |
save |
保存在一个文件中的工作区变量。 |
type |
显示一个文件的内容。 |
what |
列出所有MATLAB文件在当前目录中。 |
wklread |
读取.wk1电子表格文件。 |
输入和输出命令
MATLAB提供了以下输入和输出相关的命令:
命令 |
作用/目的 |
disp |
显示一个数组或字符串的内容。 |
fscanf |
阅读从文件格式的数据。 |
format |
控制屏幕显示的格式。 |
fprintf |
执行格式化写入到屏幕或文件。 |
input |
显示提示并等待输入。 |
; |
禁止显示网版印刷 |
fscanf和fprintf命令的行为像Cscanf和printf函数。他们支持格式如下代码:
格式代码 |
目的/作用 |
%s |
Format as a string. |
%d |
Format as an integer. |
%f |
Format as a floating yiibai value. |
%e |
Format as a floating yiibai value in scientific notation. |
%g |
Format in the most compact form: %f or %e. |
Insert a new line in the output string. | |
Insert a tab in the output string. |
用于数字显示格式的函数有以下几种形式:
Format函数 |
最多可显示 |
format short |
Four decimal digits (default). |
format long |
16 decimal digits. |
format short e |
Five digits plus exponent. |
format long e |
16 digits plus exponents. |
format bank |
Two decimal digits. |
format + |
Positive, negative, or zero. |
format rat |
Rational approximation. |
format compact |
Suppresses some line feeds. |
format loose |
Resets to less compact display mode. |
向量,矩阵和阵列命令
下表列出了各种命令用于工作数组,矩阵和向量:
命令 |
作用/目的 |
cat |
Concatenates arrays. |
find |
Finds indices of nonzero elements. |
length |
Computes number of elements. |
linspace |
Creates regularly spaced vector. |
logspace |
Creates logarithmically spaced vector. |
max |
Returns largest element. |
min |
Returns smallest element. |
prod |
Product of each column. |
reshape |
Changes size. |
size |
Computes array size. |
sort |
Sorts each column. |
sum |
Sums each column. |
eye |
Creates an identity matrix. |
ones |
Creates an array of ones. |
zeros |
Creates an array of zeros. |
cross |
Computes matrix cross products. |
dot |
Computes matrix dot products. |
det |
Computes determinant of an array. |
inv |
Computes inverse of a matrix. |
pinv |
Computes pseudoinverse of a matrix. |
rank |
Computes rank of a matrix. |
rref |
Computes reduced row echelon form. |
cell |
Creates cell array. |
celldisp |
Displays cell array. |
cellplot |
Displays graphical representation of cell array. |
num2cell |
Converts numeric array to cell array. |
deal |
Matches input and output lists. |
iscell |
Identifies cell array. |
绘图命令
命令 |
作用/目的 |
axis |
Sets axis limits. |
fplot |
Intelligent plotting of functions. |
grid |
Displays gridlines. |
plot |
Generates xy plot. |
|
Prints plot or saves plot to a file. |
title |
Puts text at top of plot. |
xlabel |
Adds text label to x-axis. |
ylabel |
Adds text label to y-axis. |
axes |
Creates axes objects. |
close |
Closes the current plot. |
close all |
Closes all plots. |
figure |
Opens a new figure window. |
gtext |
Enables label placement by mouse. |
hold |
Freezes current plot. |
legend |
Legend placement by mouse. |
refresh |
Redraws current figure window. |
set |
Specifies properties of objects such as axes. |
subplot |
Creates plots in subwindows. |
text |
Places string in figure. |
bar |
Creates bar chart. |
loglog |
Creates log-log plot. |
polar |
Creates polar plot. |
semilogx |
Creates semilog plot. (logarithmic abscissa). |
semilogy |
Creates semilog plot. (logarithmic ordinate). |
stairs |
Creates stairs plot. |
stem |
Creates stem plot. |