Configuring Request Routing(0.8)

本文介绍如何使用Istio进行基于权重和HTTP headers的动态请求路由配置,通过示例展示了如何设置默认路由及特定用户的路由规则。

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这个课题像你展示如何基于权重和HTTP headers去配置动态请求路由。

Before you begin

Content-based routing

由于Bookinfo示例部署了三个版本的 reviews 微服务,所以我们需要设置一个默认路由。否则如果你访问应用几次,就会注意到有时结果中包含星级评定。这是因为没有设置一个明确的默认版本,Istio会以随机方式路由请求到一个服务的所有可用版本。
注意: 这个课题假设你还没设置任何路由。如果你已经创建和示例冲突的路由,你需要在下面的命令中,使用 replace 来代替 create

1.为所有微服务设置默认版本为v1.

istioctl create -f samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1.yaml

samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1.yaml

如果你开启了mTLS,请使用如下命令代替:

istioctl create -f samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1-mtls.yaml

samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1-mtls.yaml

注意:在k8s中部署Istio的话,你可以将上面的 istioctl 替换成 kubectl,包括所有其他CLI命令。然而, kubectl 目前不提供输入检查。

你可以使用下面命令行展示定义好的路由规则:

istioctl get virtualservices -o yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: details
  ...
spec:
  hosts:
  - details
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: details
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: productpage
  ...
spec:
  gateways:
  - bookinfo-gateway
  - mesh
  hosts:
  - productpage
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: productpage
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: ratings
  ...
spec:
  hosts:
  - ratings
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: ratings
        subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
  ...
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1
---

相应的subset 定义可以使用istioctl get destinationrules -o yaml 来展示。

由于规则传播到代理是异步的,你需要在试图访问应用前为规则传播到所有pods等待几秒。

2.在你的浏览器中打开Bookinfo的URL(http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage) 。回想一下,在部署Bookinfo示例时,应使用 these instructions 设置 GATEWAY_URL
你应该观察Bookinfo应用展示的productpage。注意到productpage的界面没有星级评定,因为 reviews:v1 没有访问ratings服务。

3.路由一个特殊用户到reviews:v2
让我们通过路由productpage的流量到 reviews:v2 实例上去允许测试用户 “jason”访问ratings服务。

istioctl replace -f samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-reviews-test-v2.yaml

samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-reviews-test-v2.yaml

确认规则已被创建:

istioctl get virtualservice reviews -o yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews
  ...
spec:
  hosts:
  - reviews
  http:
  - match:
    - headers:
        cookie:
          regex: ^(.*?;)?(user=jason)(;.*)?$
    route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v2
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: reviews
        subset: v1

4.使用用户 “jason”登陆到 productpage 的网页
你现在应该可以在接下来的每条评论中看到评级(1-5星)。注意,如果你以其他用户登陆,你还会继续看到 reviews:v1.

Understanding what happened

这个课题中,你使用了Istio去控制Bookinfo服务的每次请求的流量被100%地发送到v1版本。你之后设置了基于一个请求header (i.e., a user cookie) 将流量有选择地发送到reviews服务地v2版本上。
一旦v2版本测试到令我们满意,我们可以使用Istio以一种渐进地方式将所有用户地流量发送到v2.我们在其他课题中探索了这个过程。

Cleanup

  • 移除应用路由规则
istioctl delete -f samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1.yaml

samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1.yaml

如果你开启了mTLS, 使用如下命令

istioctl delete -f samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1-mtls.yaml

samples/bookinfo/routing/route-rule-all-v1-mtls.yaml

  • 如果你不打算探索接下来地任何课题,参考 Bookinfo cleanup 指南来关闭应用。
### 高通Radio Routing Configuration and Mechanism In telecommunications, the radio routing configuration associated with Qualcomm devices plays a critical role in ensuring efficient data transmission over wireless networks[^1]. The mechanism involves several key components that work together to manage how signals are routed from one point to another. #### Key Components of Radio Routing The primary elements involved include: - **Baseband Processor**: This component handles signal processing tasks including modulation/demodulation and encoding/decoding operations. - **RF Transceiver**: Responsible for converting baseband signals into RF (radio frequency) signals suitable for transmission through antennas. - **Antenna Interface**: Manages connections between transceivers and physical antenna structures which radiate electromagnetic waves carrying information bits across space. #### Configuration Parameters For configuring high-quality communication links using Qualcomm radios, parameters such as power levels, channel selection, and protocol settings must be carefully adjusted based on specific network requirements. These configurations can typically be managed via software interfaces provided by device manufacturers or third-party tools designed specifically for this purpose. ```python # Example Python code snippet demonstrating basic parameter setting function def set_radio_parameters(power_level, channel_frequency): config = { 'power': power_level, 'channel': channel_frequency } return apply_configuration(config) set_radio_parameters(25dBm, 2412MHz) ``` #### Signal Path Optimization Optimizing the path taken by transmitted signals is essential for maintaining optimal performance within complex environments where interference may occur due to obstacles like buildings or other electronic devices operating nearby frequencies. Advanced algorithms implemented at both hardware and firmware layers help mitigate these issues effectively while maximizing throughput and minimizing latency during real-time communications sessions.
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