【Appium】如何定位元素？封装查找元素方法

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 15:51:28 发布

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分类专栏： UI自动化文章标签： appium python 经验分享 find_element

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/YUICUI/article/details/108497918

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本文介绍Appium中如何定位移动应用元素，包括查找单个元素和多个元素的方法，支持的定位策略如ID、XPath等，以及find_element和find_elements函数的来源。

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一、查找1个元素

def findBy(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
    try:
        return self.driver.find_element_by_*(by, value)
    except:
        self.exception_handle2()
        return self.driver.find_element(by, value)

def find(self, locate) -> WebElement:
    return self.findBy(*locate)

具体使用：

_selected_icon2 = (MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, 'option_selected_icon')
self.find(self._selected_icon2).click()

说明：如果_selected_icon2对应多个元素，这里只会取第一个

二、找到多个元素

def findAllBy(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
    try:
        return self.driver.find_elements_by_*(by, value)
    except:
        self.exception_handle2()
        return self.driver.find_elements(by, value)

def findAll(self, locate) -> []:
    return self.findAllBy(*locate)

具体使用：

_selected_icon2 = (MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, 'option_selected_icon')
self.findAll(self._selected_icon2)[1].click()

三、目前支持哪些定位方式？

1、支持移动端常用定位方式

id
xpath
class name
accessibility id

2、不常用的也支持（但还没用过），以下为支持的定位方式

class By(object):
    """
    Set of supported locator strategies.
    """

    ID = "id"
    XPATH = "xpath"
    LINK_TEXT = "link text"
    PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
    NAME = "name"
    TAG_NAME = "tag name"
    CLASS_NAME = "class name"
    CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

class MobileBy(By):
    IOS_PREDICATE = '-ios predicate string'
    IOS_UIAUTOMATION = '-ios uiautomation'
    IOS_CLASS_CHAIN = '-ios class chain'
    ANDROID_UIAUTOMATOR = '-android uiautomator'
    ANDROID_VIEWTAG = '-android viewtag'
    ANDROID_DATA_MATCHER = '-android datamatcher'
    ACCESSIBILITY_ID = 'accessibility id'
    IMAGE = '-image'
    CUSTOM = '-custom'

四、find_element、find_elements从哪来的？

/appium/webdriver/webelement.py

-> find_element 部分

def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
    """Find an element given a By strategy and locator

    Prefer the find_element_by_* methods when possible.

    Args:
        by (:obj:`str`, optional): The strategy
        value (:obj:`str`, optional): The locator

    Usage:
        element = element.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')

    Returns:
        `appium.webdriver.webelement.WebElement`
    """
    # TODO: If we need, we should enable below converter for Web context
    # if self._w3c:
    #     if by == By.ID:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = '[id="%s"]' % value
    #     elif by == By.TAG_NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #     elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = ".%s" % value
    #     elif by == By.NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = '[name="%s"]' % value

    return self._execute(RemoteCommand.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENT,
                         {"using": by, "value": value})['value']

-> find_elements 部分


def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
    """Find elements given a By strategy and locator

    Prefer the find_elements_by_* methods when possible.

    Args:
        by (:obj:`str`, optional): The strategy
        value (:obj:`str`, optional): The locator

    Usage:
        element = element.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')

    Returns:
        :obj:`list` of :obj:`appium.webdriver.webelement.WebElement`
    """
    # TODO: If we need, we should enable below converter for Web context
    # if self._w3c:
    #     if by == By.ID:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = '[id="%s"]' % value
    #     elif by == By.TAG_NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #     elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = ".%s" % value
    #     elif by == By.NAME:
    #         by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
    #         value = '[name="%s"]' % value

    return self._execute(RemoteCommand.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENTS,
                         {"using": by, "value": value})['value']