本文提供了一步一步的指南，详细讲解如何在CentOS 7.9上安装MySQL 5.6，包括检查系统环境、卸载旧版本、下载repo源、安装MySQL、设置root密码、授权远程登录、防火墙配置等关键步骤。
检查环境
安装好Centos 7.9之后下面来安装Mysql 5.6
首先检查一下系统版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
uname -a
3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
- 查询是否安装mysql
rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
- Ⅰ 、卸载方法一
卸载前关闭mysql服务
rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch
rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64
执行完命令之后再次执行rpm-qa|grep -i mysql会发现已经卸载完成。
- Ⅱ、卸载方法二
查询mysql所有路径find / -name mysql
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
然后 rm -rf 上面找到的每个文件夹(*此命令有风险请仔细检查后在使用回车确认)
如：
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
最后再去找出 etc/my.cnf删除它
下面进入安装
- 1、下载mysql的repo源
wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm - 2、安装rpm包
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
安装完这个包后，会获得两个mysql的yum repo源：
[root@localhost local]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
......
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1209 1月 29 2014 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1060 1月 29 2014 mysql-community-source.repo
......
- 3、安装mysql
yum install mysql-server
下面是交互过程
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
--2021-05-11 09:41:42-- http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.75.165.42
正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|104.75.165.42|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：6140 (6.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm”
100%[=============================================================================================================================>] 6,140 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2021-05-11 09:41:42 (54.0 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm” [6140/6140])
[root@localhost local]# ll
......
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6140 11月 12 2015 mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
......
[root@localhost local]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost local]# yum install mysql-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: download.nus.edu.sg
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql56-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 236 kB 00:00:01
(2/5): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 80 kB 00:00:01
(3/5): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 88 kB 00:00:01
(4/5): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 297 kB 00:00:02
(5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 8.0 MB 00:00:06
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.51-2.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(DBI)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-DBI.x86_64.0.1.627-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.6.51-2.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 perl-PlRPC.noarch.0.0.2020-14.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Test)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Log)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Zlib)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-IO-Compress.noarch.0.2.061-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
---> 软件包 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch.0.0.48-5.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64.0.2.061-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64.1.2.061-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.51-2.el7 mysql56-community 2.2 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.51-2.el7 mysql56-community 67 M
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.51-2.el7 mysql56-community 21 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.51-2.el7 mysql56-community 287 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
事务概要
=======================================================================================================================================================================
安装 2 软件包 (+8 依赖软件包)
总下载量：91 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:01:56 ETA
mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/10): mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 287 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:00:01
(3/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:01
(6/10): mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 21 MB 00:00:06
(7/10): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:01
(8/10): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00
(9/10): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:01
(10/10): mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 67 MB 00:00:14
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 5.1 MB/s | 91 MB 00:00:17
从 file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
指纹 : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
软件包 : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
来自 : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 1/11
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 2/11
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 3/11
正在安装 : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 4/11
正在安装 : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/11
正在安装 : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 6/11
正在安装 : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 7/11
正在安装 : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/11
正在安装 : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/11
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 10/11
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 11/11
验证中 : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 1/11
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 2/11
验证中 : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 3/11
验证中 : mysql-community-server-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 4/11
验证中 : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/11
验证中 : mysql-community-common-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 6/11
验证中 : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 7/11
验证中 : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 8/11
验证中 : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 9/11
验证中 : mysql-community-client-5.6.51-2.el7.x86_64 10/11
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 11/11
已安装:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7
作为依赖被安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.51-2.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
替代:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
完毕！
[root@localhost local]#
- 4、开机自启动mysql服务
systemctl enable mysqld - 5、启动mysql服务进程
systemctl start mysqld - 6、重置密码完成某些设置初始化
mysql_secure_installation
注意：建议对所有MySQL运行此脚本的所有部分
服务器在生产中使用！ 请仔细阅读每个步骤！
[root@localhost local]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
为了登录MySQL以保护它，我们需要最新的
root用户的密码。 如果您刚刚安装了MySQL，并且
您尚未设置root密码，该密码将为空白，
因此您只需在此处按Enter。
- (1) 根据提示这里我们回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
- (2) 下面输入
Y来开始设置root密码
Set root password? [Y/n] y
- (3) 这里需要输入两遍密码
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
- (4) 输入完密码之后输入
Y删除匿名用户
默认情况下，MySQL安装有一个匿名用户，允许任何人
登录MySQL无需创建用户帐户
他们。 这仅用于测试和进行安装
顺畅一点。 您应该先将它们移除，然后再移入
生产环境。
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
- (5) *下面设置root用户可以远程登录，这里我们选择
n方便我们使用
通常，仅应允许root从’localhost’连接。 这
确保某人无法猜测来自网络的root密码。
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
- (6) *下面提示删除默认数据库，这里我们选着
n先留着不删除
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
- (7) 最后输入
Y使得刚才的设置生效
重新加载特权表将确保到目前为止所做的所有更改
将立即生效。
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
… Success!
All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
Cleaning up…
- 7、授权远程登录
- (1) 登录mysql数据库
mysql -u root -p,输入密码进入数据库
- (1) 登录mysql数据库
[root@localhost local]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- (2) 授权登录
[PASS]这里替换成你自己数据库ROOT的密码
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGS ON *.* TO ‘ROOT’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘[PASS]’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
如：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- (3) 刷新
flush privileges;然后exit退出mysql
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
- (4) 防火墙开放 3306 端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
- (5)重启防火墙
service firewalld restart,并查询3306端口是否被开启
[root@localhost local]# service firewalld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart firewalld.service
[root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
yes
- 这样就配置好了下面远程连接一下看看吧┏ (゜ω゜)=☞
查询mysql日志tail -n 1000 /var/log/mysqld.log -f
关于防火墙的一些操作
- 关于iptables 防火墙的操作下面总结一下
# 查看防火墙状态
service iptables status
#停止防火墙
service iptables stop
#启动防火墙
service iptables start
#重启防火墙
service iptables restart
#永久关闭防火墙
chkconfig iptables off
#永久关闭后重启
chkconfig iptables on
开启3306端口
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
#加入如下代码
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
保存退出后后service iptables restart
- 关于firewall 防火墙的操作下面总结一下
#查看firewall服务状态
systemctl status firewalld
#查看firewall的状态
firewall-cmd --state
#开启、重启、关闭、firewalld.service服务
#开启
service firewalld start
#重启
service firewalld restart
#关闭
service firewalld stop
#查看防火墙规则
firewall-cmd --list-all
查询、开放、关闭端口
#查询端口是否开放
firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
#开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
#移除端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=3306/tcp
#重启防火墙(修改配置后要重启防火墙)
firewall-cmd --reload
#参数解释
1、firwall-cmd：是Linux提供的操作firewall的一个工具；
2、–permanent：表示设置为持久；
3、–add-port：标识添加的端口；
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