上回书说到,最近我在写一个Office PIA的程序。我先是写了一个独立的小工程,完美地实现了对Excel Workbook的各种操作,并且也反复作了测试。然后往我们真实的项目里合并。这里有个伏笔:我们team用的是Visual Studio 2008,而我个人用的是Visual Studio 2010。我没忘记在我的Visual Studio 2010工程里面把.Net Framework的版本设置为3.5。这个地方要跟我们实际的项目保持一致,这一点我还是很注意的。
谁曾想,合并的时候出了问题,编译出现一大堆错误。
比如说这个方法:
/// <summary>
/// Creates the excel doc.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">the excel doc filename</param>
public void CreateWorkbook(string fileName)
{
try
{
this.CurrentWorkbook = this.Application.Workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
this.LatestWorksheet = this.CurrentWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Excel.Worksheet;
this.CurrentWorksheet = this.LatestWorksheet;
string fullPath = this.GetActualFullPath(fileName);
this.LatestWorksheet.SaveAs(
fullPath,
this.currentFileFormat,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Close();
throw ex;
}
}
这段代码,在Visual Studio 2010里面编译没有任何问题,在Visual Studio 2008里面编译时却出现了这样的错误:
Compile error: No overload for method 'SaveAs' takes '6' arguments ......
修改成这样的代码,才在Visual Studio 2008下编译通过(当然也能够在Visual Studio 2010下编译通过):
/// <summary>
/// Creates the excel doc.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">the excel doc filename</param>
public void CreateWorkbook(string fileName)
{
try
{
this.CurrentWorkbook = this.Application.Workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
this.LatestWorksheet = this.CurrentWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Excel.Worksheet;
this.CurrentWorksheet = this.LatestWorksheet;
string fullPath = this.GetActualFullPath(fileName);
this.LatestWorksheet.SaveAs(
fullPath,
this.currentFileFormat,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,
Type.Missing);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Close();
throw ex;
}
}
同样的问题多处出现。比如说Visual Studio 2010下能编译通过的这段代码:
/// <summary>
/// Create new worksheet and insert it after current worksheet.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="worksheetName">name of the new worksheet</param>
public void AddWorksheetAfter(object worksheetName)
{
this.LatestWorksheet = this.CurrentWorkbook.Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, worksheetName) as Excel.Worksheet;
this.Save();
}
在Visual Studio 2008下编译遭遇这样的错误:
Compile error: No overload for method 'Add' takes '2' arguments ......
改成下面这样才解决:
/// <summary>
/// Create new worksheet and insert it after current worksheet.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="worksheetName">name of the new worksheet</param>
public void AddWorksheetAfter(object worksheetName)
{
this.LatestWorksheet = this.CurrentWorkbook.Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, worksheetName, Type.Missing, Type.Missing) as Excel.Worksheet;
this.Save();
}
这是为什么呢?首先请不要疑神疑鬼,不要惊慌,要相信科学,遇到问题要广泛地借助Google和MSDN这两个好工具。
Visual Studio 2008编译出错的地方,全都是出在Office PIA的Interop COM组件的可选参数之处。在Visual Studio 2010中,尽管我的.Net Framework版本选择的是3.5,但是由于Visual Studio 2010的编辑器本身支持C# 4.0的一些“语法糖”,C# 4.0对于COM组件的互操作性作了增强,支持了可选参数的省略,因此我在编程中省掉了那一大堆Type.Missing。这样,我在Visual Studio 2010下写的代码显得很简洁。当然也正是这些地方造成了在Visual Studio 2008下编译的困扰。
MSDN中相关的链接如下:
- Named and Optional Arguments (C# Programming Guide) http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd264739.aspx
问题的查找与解决并不复杂。尽管这是由Visual Studio 2010的新特性给我造成的小麻烦,但是遇到这样的小麻烦,心情还是很愉悦的,我不认为这是什么坏事情。