python时间

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已于 2022-02-08 10:13:55 修改

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python

于 2022-02-07 17:18:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Wanhuake/article/details/122811838

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这篇博客详细介绍了Python中处理时间日期的方法，包括获取当前UTC时间、时区转换、ISO8601时间解析、时间戳转换、日期偏移以及月份偏移。还展示了如何以地区特定格式显示日期，以及获取特定月份内的星期几。

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import datetime

# 获取当前UTC时区的时间
def now():
    return datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
    # return datetime.datetime.now(datetime.datetime.timezone.utc)

# 时区转换函数
def astimezone(d :datetime.datetime, offset):
    return d.astimezone(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=offset)))


# ISO 8601时间格式 [YYYY]-[MM]-[DD]T[hh]:[mm]:[ss]+-[TZ]
# 将字符串时间转换为datetime对象
def parse_iso8601(strdate :str):
    date, time = strdate.split('T', 1)
    if '-' in time:
        time, tz = time.split('-')
        tz = '-' + tz
    elif '+' in time:
        time, tz = time.split('+')
        tz = '+' + tz
    elif 'Z' in time:
        time = time[:-1]
        tz = '+0000'
    date = date.replace('-', '')
    time = time.replace(':', '')
    tz = tz.replace(':', '')
    return datetime.datetime.strptime('{}T{}{}'.format(date, time, tz), "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z")

# 转换为utc时间
def asutc(d :datetime.datetime):
    return d.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)

# 转换时间戳为datetime

ts = 1521588268
d = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
d.timestamp()  # d 简单型datetime代表本地时间
d.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()



# 以地区特定格式表示日期和时间
import locale
import contextlib

@contextlib.contextmanager
def switchlocale(name):
    prev = locale.getlocale()
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, name)
    yield
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, prev)

def format_date(loc, d):
    with switchlocale(loc):
        fmt = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.D_T_FMT)
        return d.strftime(fmt)

format_date('de_DE', datetime.datetime.utcnow())
format_date('en_GB', datetime.datetime.utcnow())

# 日期偏移, 每天0点0分0秒
def shiftdate(d, days):
    return (
        d.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0) +
        datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    )

now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
# tomorrow
shiftdate(now, 1)
# yesterday
shiftdate(now, -1)

# 月份偏移
def shiftmonth(d :datetime.datetime, months):
    for _ in range(abs(months)):
        if months > 0:
            d = d.replace(day=5) + datetime.timedelta(days=28)
        else:
            d = d.replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    d = d.replace(day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
    return d

now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
# next month
shiftmonth(now, 1)
# previous month
shiftmonth(now, -1)


# 从当前月份中获取星期几是哪天
def monthweekdays(month, weekday):
    now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    d = now.replace(day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
    days = []
    while d.month == month:
        if d.isoweekday() == weekday:
            days.append(d)
        d += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    return days

monthweekdays(2,1)