本文深入解析面向对象编程中的关键概念，包括类、对象、实例化、方法、虚拟方法、静态方法等，并详细阐述了类与静态方法、初始化器、构造器与析构器的区别。同时，文章还探讨了继承、封装、多继承、委托与聚合等高级特性，以及它们在实际应用中的意义。
The candidate should be able to give satisfactory definitions for a random
selection of the following terms:
class, object (and the difference between the two)
instantiation
method (as opposed to, say, a C function)
virtual method, pure virtual method
class/static method
static/class initializer
constructor
destructor/finalizer
superclass or base class
subclass or derived class
inheritance
encapsulation
multiple inheritance (and give an example)
delegation/forwarding
composition/aggregation
abst
selection of the following terms:
class, object (and the difference between the two)
instantiation
method (as opposed to, say, a C function)
virtual method, pure virtual method
class/static method
static/class initializer
constructor
destructor/finalizer
superclass or base class
subclass or derived class
inheritance
encapsulation
multiple inheritance (and give an example)
delegation/forwarding
composition/aggregation
abst
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