WinForm串口操作

生产中经常会使用到串口来处理数据,在此做一下记录:

• 1.创建界面
  在WinForm中创建界面还是相对比较简单的。串口相关的界面主要包含以下几点

1. 串口选择框
2. 波特率选择框
3. 开启、关闭按钮
   大致如下：
   

注意
红色的图片表示的是串口开启的状态,为了便于区分当前串口状态。红色表示关闭,绿色表示开启

• 2.窗口开启/关闭

/// <summary>
/// 自动加载获取串口
/// </summary>
private void GetComList()
{
    string[] ports = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
    foreach (string port in ports)
    {
        cbbCom.Properties.Items.Add(port);
    }
    if (cbbCom.Properties.Items.Count > 0)
    {
        cbbCom.SelectedIndex = 0;
        cbbCom.Enabled = true;
    }
}


/// <summary>
/// 定义的串口
/// </summary>
SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();

/// <summary>
/// 串口开启/关闭事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void BtnCom_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        if (cbbCom.SelectedIndex < 0 || cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex < 0)
        {
            XtraMessageBox.Show("请选择波特率 或 串口","消息",MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
            return;
        }
        if (BtnCom.Tag.ToString() == "0")
        {
    		ComDevice.PortName = cbbCom.SelectedItem.ToString();//串口
            ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.Text.Trim());//波特率吧
            ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)0;
            ComDevice.DataBits = 8;
            ComDevice.ParityReplace = 0x00;//<<<<<<<<<<------------很重要！！！
            ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)1;
            ComDevice.ReadTimeout = 300;//
            ComDevice.Encoding = Encoding.Default;//System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");//此行非常重要 可解决接收中文乱码问题
            try
            {
                ComDevice.Open();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                return;
            }
            BtnCom.Text = "关闭串口";
            BtnCom.Tag = "1";
            cbbCom.Enabled = false;
            picComStatus.Image = Properties.Resources.green;
            ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(ComDevice_DataReceived);
        }
        else
        {
            try
            {
                ComDevice.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
            }
            BtnCom.Text = "开启串口";
            BtnCom.Tag = "0";
            cbbCom.Enabled = true;
            picComStatus.Image = Properties.Resources.red;
        }

    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        XtraMessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
    }
}

• 3.数据处理

private StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

/// <summary>
/// 串口的DataReceived事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void ComDevice_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
    int n = ComDevice.BytesToRead;//先记录下来，避免某种原因，人为的原因，操作几次之间时间长，缓存不一致   
    byte[] buf = new byte[n];//声明一个临时数组存储当前来的串口数据   
    ComDevice.Read(buf, 0, n);//读取缓冲数据 

    //因为要访问ui资源，所以需要使用invoke方式同步ui。          
    this.Invoke((EventHandler)(delegate
    {
        string strCode = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buf);//builder.ToString();
        try
        {
            builder.Append(strCode);
            if (builder[builder.Length - 1] == '\r')
            {
                Analyse(builder.ToString().Substring(0, builder.Length - 1));
                builder.Clear();
            }
            else if (builder[builder.Length - 2] == '\r' && builder[builder.Length - 1] == '\n')
            {
                Analyse(builder.ToString().Substring(0, builder.Length - 2));
                builder.Clear();
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }));
}

/// <summary>
/// 串口数据处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sn"></param>
private void Analyse(string data)
{
	//ToDo数据处理
	
    //发送数据到光标所在的位置,并带回车键,
    //是否需要回车视具体情况而定,如果扫描枪自带回车,这里可以去除
    SendKeys.SendWait(sn + "{ENTER}");
}