0.准备工作
- 在下面会用到三张表(emp,salgrade,dept)
- emp表
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 007566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 007698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 007782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 007788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 007844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 007876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 007902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
- dept表
+--------+------------+----------+
| deptno | dname | loc |
+--------+------------+----------+
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+--------+------------+----------+
- salgrade表
+-------+-------+-------+
| grade | losal | hisal |
+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 700 | 1200 |
| 2 | 1201 | 1400 |
| 3 | 1401 | 2000 |
| 4 | 2001 | 3000 |
| 5 | 3001 | 9999 |
+-------+-------+-------++
1.多表查询

- 显示员工名、员工工资和员工所在部门的名字
mysql> select ename,sal,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+--------+---------+------------+
| ename | sal | dname |
+--------+---------+------------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | RESEARCH |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALES |
| WARD | 1250.00 | SALES |
| JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | SALES |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH |
| KING | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | RESEARCH |
| JAMES | 950.00 | SALES |
| FORD | 3000.00 | RESEARCH |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 显示部门号为10的部门名,员工名和工资
mysql> select dname,ename,sal from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and emp.deptno=10;
+------------+--------+---------+
| dname | ename | sal |
+------------+--------+---------+
| ACCOUNTING | CLARK | 2450.00 |
| ACCOUNTING | KING | 5000.00 |
| ACCOUNTING | MILLER | 1300.00 |
+------------+--------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 显示各个员工的姓名,工资,及工资级别
mysql> select ename,sal,grade from emp,salgrade where sal between losal and hisal;
+--------+---------+-------+
| ename | sal | grade |
+--------+---------+-------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | 1 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 3 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 2 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 2 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 4 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 4 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 4 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 5 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 3 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 1 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 1 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 4 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 2 |
+--------+---------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.自连接
自连接是指在同一张表连接查询
- 显示员工FORD的上级领导的编号和姓名(mgr是员工领导的编号–empno)
//使用子查询
mysql> select empno,ename from emp where empno=(select mgr from emp where ename='FORD');
+--------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+--------+-------+
| 007566 | JONES |
+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//使用多表查询(自查询)
mysql> select t2.empno,t2.ename from emp t1,emp t2 where t1.mgr=t2.empno and t1.ename='FORD';
+--------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+--------+-------+
| 007566 | JONES |
+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.子查询
子查询是指嵌入在其他sql语句中的select语句,也叫嵌套查询
3.1 单行子查询
单行子查询是指子查询只返回单列
- 显示SMITH同一部门的员工
mysql> select * from emp where deptno=(select deptno from emp where ename='SMITH');
+--------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+--------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 多行子查询
多行子查询是指返回单列多行数据
- in关键字;查询和10号部门的工作岗位相同的雇员的名字,岗位,工资,部门号,但是不包含10自己
mysql> select ename,job,sal,deptno from emp where job in(select job from emp where deptno=10) and deptno<>10;
+-------+---------+---------+--------+
| ename | job | sal | deptno |
+-------+---------+---------+--------+
| SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | 20 |
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | 20 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | 30 |
| ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | 20 |
| JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | 30 |
+-------+---------+---------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- all关键字;显示工资比部门30的所有员工的工资高的员工的姓名、工资和部门号
mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal > all(select sal from emp where deptno=30);
+-------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
+-------+---------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal >(select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30);
+-------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
+-------+---------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- any关键字;显示工资比部门30的任意员工的工资高的员工的姓名、工资和部门号(包含自己部门的员工)
mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal > any(select sal from emp where deptno=30);
+--------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+--------+---------+--------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 |
+--------+---------+--------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 多列子查询
多列子查询则是指查询返回多个列数据的子查询语句
- 查询和SMITH的部门和岗位完全相同的所有雇员,不含SMITH本人
mysql> select * from emp where (deptno,job) =(select deptno,job from emp where ename='SMITH') and ename<>'SMITH';
+--------+-------+-------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+--------+-------+-------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| 007876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
+--------+-------+-------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3.4 在from子句中使用子查询
子查询语句出现在from子句中。把一个子查询当做一个临时表使用。
- 显示每个高于自己部门平均工资的员工的姓名、部门、工资、平均工资
mysql> select ename,emp.deptno,sal,myavg from emp,(select deptno,avg(sal) myavg from emp group by deptno) tmp where emp.deptno=tmp.deptno andnd sal > myavg;
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
| ename | deptno | sal | myavg |
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
| ALLEN | 30 | 1600.00 | 1566.666667 |
| JONES | 20 | 2975.00 | 2175.000000 |
| BLAKE | 30 | 2850.00 | 1566.666667 |
| SCOTT | 20 | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
| KING | 10 | 5000.00 | 2916.666667 |
| FORD | 20 | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查找每个部门工资最高的人的姓名、工资、部门、最高工资
mysql> select ename,emp.deptno,sal,mymax from emp,(select deptno,max(sal) mymax from emp group by deptno) tmp where emp.deptno=tmp.deptno and em
+-------+--------+---------+---------+
| ename | deptno | sal | mymax |
+-------+--------+---------+---------+
| BLAKE | 30 | 2850.00 | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | 20 | 3000.00 | 3000.00 |
| KING | 10 | 5000.00 | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 20 | 3000.00 | 3000.00 |
+-------+--------+---------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 显示每个部门的信息(部门名,编号,地址)和人员数量
mysql> select dname,dept.deptno,loc,mycnt from (select deptno,count(*) mycnt from emp group by deptno) tmp,dept where tmp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+------------+--------+----------+-------+
| dname | deptno | loc | mycnt |
+------------+--------+----------+-------+
| ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK | 3 |
| RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS | 5 |
| SALES | 30 | CHICAGO | 6 |
+------------+--------+----------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.5 合并查询
为了合并多个select的执行结果,可以使用集合操作符 union(去重),union all(不去重)
- 将工资大于2500或职位是MANAGER的人找出来
mysql> select * from emp where job='MANAGER' union select * from emp where sal>2000;
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp where job='MANAGER' union all select * from emp where sal>2000;
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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