源码一直是一个比较头疼的问题,今天本人就为你们浅谈一下
1.项目初始化过程
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
}
}
跟进去可以看到有两步,一个是初始化,一个是run方法的执行:
1.1、SpringApplication初始化化过程:
SpringApplication的初始化大致分为以下的步骤:
判断是否是web应用程序
从所有类中查找META-INF/spring.factories文件,加载其中的初始化类和监听类。
查找运行的主类 默认初始化Initializers都继承自ApplicationContextInitializer。
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Object... sources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
initialize(sources);
}
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
}
//是否是web应用程序。通过判断应用程序中是否可以加载(class.forname)【"javax.servlet.Servlet","org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext"】这两个类
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
//设置初始化类:从配置文件spring.factories中查找所有的key=org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer的类【加载,初始化,排序】
//SpringFactoriesLoader:工厂加载机制
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//设置Listeners:从配置文件spring.factories中查找所有的key=org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener的类.【加载,初始化,排序】
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
//从当前调用栈中,查找主类
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
SpringFactoriesLoader工厂加载机制
Initializers和Listeners的加载过程都是使用到了SpringFactoriesLoader工厂加载机制。我们进入到getSpringFactoriesInstances这个方法中:
private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
//获取META-INF/spring.factories文件中key为type类型的所有的类全限定名。注意是所有jar包内的。
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<String>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
//通过上面获取到的类的全限定名,这里将会使用Class.forName加载类,并调用构造方法实例化类
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
//根据类上的org.springframework.core.annotation.Order注解,排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));展示类方法加载的过程:
** public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
}
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +
"] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
**
spring.factories文件中的默认的实现类如下:
这里监听器为9个:
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener
来看一下run方法:
```c
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//时间监控
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
//java.awt.headless是J2SE的一种模式用于在缺少显示屏、键盘或者鼠标时的系统配置,很多监控工具如jconsole 需要将该值设置为true,系统变量默认为true
configureHeadlessProperty();
//获取spring.factories中的监听器变量,args为指定的参数数组,默认为当前类SpringApplication
//第一步:获取并启动监听器
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
//第二步:构造容器环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
//设置需要忽略的bean
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//打印banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//第三步:创建容器
context = createApplicationContext();
//第四步:实例化SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,用来支持报告关于启动的错误
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//第五步:准备容器
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//第六步:刷新容器
refreshContext(context);
//第七步:刷新容器后的扩展接口
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
1.2、Run 方法
启动run过程
注册一个StopWatch,用于监控启动过程
获取监听器SpringApplicationRunListener,用于springboot启动过程中的事件广播
设置环境变量environment
创建spring容器
创建FailureAnalyzers错误分析器,用于处理记录启动过程中的错误信息
调用所有初始化类的initialize方法
初始化spring容器
执行ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的实现类
启动完成
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//stopWatch 用于简单监听run启动过程
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
//获取监听器。springboot中有一个SpringApplicationRunListener监听器
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.started();
try {
//下面两句是加载属性配置,执行完成后,所有的environment的属性都会加载进来,包括application.properties和外部的属性配置。
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
//打印Banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
//错误分析器
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
//主要是调用所有初始化类的initialize方法
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//初始化spring容器
refreshContext(context);
//主要是执行ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的实现类
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//通知监听器
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
上述run过程广泛应用了spring事件机制(主要是广播)。上述代码中首先获取SpringApplicationRunListeners。这就是在spring.factories文件中配置的所有监听器。然后整个run 过程使用了listeners的5个方法,每个方法对应一个事件Event:
starting() run方法执行的时候立马执行;对应事件的类型是ApplicationStartedEvent
environmentPrepared() ApplicationContext创建之前并且环境信息准备好的时候调用;对应事件的类型是ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent
contextPrepared() ApplicationContext创建好并且在source加载之前调用一次;没有具体的对应事件
contextLoaded() ApplicationContext创建并加载之后并在refresh之前调用;对应事件的类型是ApplicationPreparedEvent
finished() run方法结束之前调用;对应事件的类型是ApplicationReadyEvent或ApplicationFailedEven
SpringApplicationRunListeners是SpringApplicationRunListener的集合,SpringApplicationRunListener只有一个实现类:EventPublishingRunListener,在这个实现类中,有一个SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster类型的属性initialMulticaster,所有的事件都是通过这个属性的multicastEvent方法广播出去的。