spring-boot + spring-cloud初体验-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/String_double/article/details/112366832

本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot项目中结合Spring Cloud进行服务创建、链式追踪、监控及配置管理。通过Eureka实现服务发现，ZipKin进行服务追踪，Spring Boot Admin监控服务状态，以及使用Spring Cloud Config作为配置中心。

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#spring-boot + spring-cloud

0.创建项目依赖

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <description>工程依赖层</description>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>


   <!-- <name>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <properties>
        <!-- Environment Settings -->
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <!-- Spring Settings -->
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-zipkin.version>2.10.1</spring-cloud-zipkin.version>
        <spring-cloud-admin.version>2.0.1</spring-cloud-admin.version>
    </properties>

    <!--工程依赖-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>


            <!--spring cloud begin-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-admin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-admin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud end -->
        </dependencies>


    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler 设定 JDK 插件, 版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包 jar 文件时，配置 manifest 文件，加入 lib 包的 jar 依赖 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <!-- Add directory entries -->
                                    <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
                                    <addDefaultSpecificationEntries>true</addDefaultSpecificationEntries>
                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!-- resource -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- install -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- clean -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- ant -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- dependency -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!-- Java Document Generate -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>jar</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>

                <!-- YUI Compressor (CSS/JS压缩) -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>yuicompressor-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.5.1</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>compress</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                        <jswarn>false</jswarn>
                        <nosuffix>true</nosuffix>
                        <linebreakpos>30000</linebreakpos>
                        <force>true</force>
                        <includes>
                            <include>**/*.js</include>
                            <include>**/*.css</include>
                        </includes>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>**/*.min.js</exclude>
                            <exclude>**/*.min.css</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>

        <!-- 资源文件配置 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun-repos</id>
            <name>Aliyun Repository</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>

        <repository>
            <id>sonatype-repos</id>
            <name>Sonatype Repository</name>
            <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>sonatype-repos-s</id>
            <name>Sonatype Repository</name>
            <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>

        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>aliyun-repos</id>
            <name>Aliyun Repository</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>
</project>

##1.设置服务创建与发现

（eureka）

项目名：hello-spring-cloud-eureka

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-eureka</artifactId>
    <description>服务注册与发现，使用spring-cloud的eureka项目</description>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>


<!--    <name>hello-spring-cloud-eureka</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--项目跟踪依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--服务监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
            <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.eureka.EurekaApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-eureka

server:
  port: 8762

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
    }
}

1.5创建服务链式追踪

ZipKin 是一个开放源代码的分布式跟踪系统，由 Twitter 公司开源，它致力于收集服务的定时数据，以解决微服务架构中的延迟问题，包括数据的收集、存储、查找和展现。它的理论模型来自于 Google Dapper 论文。

微服务架构是通过业务来划分服务的，使用 REST 调用。对外暴露的一个接口，可能需要很多个服务协同才能完成这个接口功能，如果链路上任何一个服务出现问题或者网络超时，都会形成导致接口调用失败。随着业务的不断扩张，服务之间互相调用会越来越复杂。

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随着服务的越来越多，对调用链的分析会越来越复杂。它们之间的调用关系也许如下：

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Span：基本工作单元，例如，在一个新建的 Span 中发送一个 RPC 等同于发送一个回应请求给 RPC，Span 通过一个 64 位 ID 唯一标识，Trace 以另一个 64 位 ID 表示。
Trace：一系列 Spans 组成的一个树状结构，例如，如果你正在运行一个分布式大数据工程，你可能需要创建一个 Trace。
Annotation：用来即使记录一个事件的存在，一些核心 Annotations 用来定义一个请求的开始和结束
cs：Client Sent，客户端发起一个请求，这个 Annotation 描述了这个 Span 的开始
sr：Server Received，服务端获得请求并准备开始处理它，如果将其 sr 减去 cs 时间戳便可得到网络延迟
ss：Server Sent 表明请求处理的完成(当请求返回客户端)，如果 ss 减去 sr 时间戳便可得到服务端需要的处理请求时间
cr：Client Received 表明 Span 的结束，客户端成功接收到服务端的回复，如果 cr 减去 cs 时间戳便可得到客户端从服务端获取回复的所有所需时间
将 Span 和 Trace 在一个系统中使用 Zipkin 注解的过程图形化：

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###服务端

工程名：hello-spring-cloud-zipkin

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zipkin</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <!-- <name>hello-spring-cloud-zipkin</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <!--服务链式追踪依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
     <!--服务注册与发现依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.zipkin.ZipKinApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

启动类


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZipkinServer
public class ZipKinApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZipKinApplication.class,args);
    }
}

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-zipkin

server:
  port: 9411

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

management:
  metrics:
    web:
      server:
        auto-time-requests: false

port:默认端口

###客户端

这样服务端创建完成，再将需要监控的服务注册到zipkin服务中

在工程pom.xml加上依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

添加配置 application.yml

spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411

1.8创建服务监控

随着开发周期的推移，项目会不断变大，切分出的服务也会越来越多，这时一个个的微服务构成了错综复杂的系统。对于各个微服务系统的健康状态、会话数量、并发数、服务资源、延迟等度量信息的收集就成为了一个挑战。Spring Boot Admin 应运而生，它正式基于这些需求开发出的一套功能强大的监控管理系统。

Spring Boot Admin 有两个角色组成，一个是 Spring Boot Admin Server，一个是 Spring Boot Admin Client，本章节将带领大家实现 Spring Boot Admin 的搭建。

服务端

工程名：hello-spring-cloud-admin

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-admin</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-admin</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--服务监控依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
            <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.admin.AdminApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-admin
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411

server:
  port: 8084

management:
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        # 注意：此处在视频里是 include: ["health", "info"] 但已无效了，请修改
        include: health,info

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

启动类


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableAdminServer
public class AdminApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AdminApplication.class,args);
    }
}

客户端

pom.xml

 <!--服务监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
            <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

application.yml

  boot:
    admin:
      client:
        url: http://localhost:8084

##2.创建服务提供者

(eurka客户端)

项目名：hello-spring-cloud-service-admin 此项目用于提供相应业务的服务

pom.xml :所需依赖和服务端一样

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-service-admin
server:
  port: 8763

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceAdminApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceAdminApplication.class,args);
    }
}

controller :提供一个请求

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private int port;

    @RequestMapping("hi")
    public String sayHi(String message){
        return String.format("this is  meagesss : %s ,this is port :%s",message,port);
    }
}

##3.创建服务消费者

服务消费者，熔断机制，和熔断监控（(riabbon|feign)+hystrix+hystrix-dashboard）

在微服务架构中，业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务，服务与服务的通讯是基于 http restful 的。Spring cloud 有两种服务调用方式，一种是 ribbon + restTemplate，另一种是 feign

###第一种： ribbon + restTemplate

项目名：hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon

pom,xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!--  <name>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</name>
      <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
      <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->

        <!-- 解决 thymeleaf 模板引擎一定要执行严格的 html5 格式校验问题 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
            <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--设置熔断器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--设置熔断器监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.WebAdminRibbonApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon
  thymeleaf:
    cache: false
    mode: LEGACYHTML5
    encoding: UTF-8
    servlet:
      content-type: text/html

server:
  port: 8765

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

启动类：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class WebAdminRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WebAdminRibbonApplication.class,args);
    }
}

config


@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfiguration {

    /*loadbalanced  可以使用负载均衡*/
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate RestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }


    /**
     * 配置熔断器监控
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }

service

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
   private RestTemplate restTemplate;
   
  //指定熔断方法
   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
    public String sayHi(String message){
    //指定服务器调用服务请求，如调用hello-spring-cloud-service-admin服务，在2.pom.xml
    // spring:application:name指定
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-spring-cloud-service-admin/hi?      message="+message,String.class);
    }


//这里是熔断方法，  当请求不成功，如网路原因、服务宕机等，调用
    public String hiError(String message){
    return String.format("this is error %s but request bad",message);
    }

}

controller

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("hi")
    public String sayHi(String message){
        return userService.sayHi(message);
    }

第二种feign

项目名：hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign

feign:默认集成hystrix熔断，只需开启配置即可

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!--  <name>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</name>
      <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
      <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->

        <!-- 解决 thymeleaf 模板引擎一定要执行严格的 html5 格式校验问题 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
            <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--设置熔断器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--设置熔断器监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.feign.WebAdminFeignApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign
  thymeleaf:
    cache: false
    mode: LEGACYHTML5
    encoding: UTF-8
    servlet:
      content-type: text/html
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true
server:
  port:  8766

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class WebAdminFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WebAdminFeignApplication.class,args);
    }
}

service

//指定熔断类，指定服务地址
@FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-service-admin",fallback = UserServiceHystrix.class)
public interface UserService {

    @RequestMapping("hi")
     String syaHi(@RequestParam("message") String message);
}

hystrix

//熔断类
@Component
public class UserServiceHystrix implements UserService {

    @Override
    public String syaHi(String message) {
        return "this is request bad "+message;
    }
}

controller

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("hi")
    public String sayHi(String message){
        return userService.syaHi(message);
    }
}

熔断监控

config

@Configuration
public class HystrixDashboardConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }

##4.创建服务网关，

管理服务消费者，创建服务熔断，(zuul)

项目名：hello-spring-cloud-zuul

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!--<name>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>
-->
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
          <!-- 网关依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.zuul.ZuulApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-zuul

server:
  port: 8769

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api/a/**
      serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon
    api-b:
      path: /api/b/**
      serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign

api/a api/b,请求路径分别制定两个服务，这时管理两个服务

启动类


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class,args);
    }
}

熔断

fallback


@Component
public class UserServiceRibbonFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon";
    }
   /* @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        // ServiceId，如果需要所有调用都支持回退，则 return "*" 或 return null
        return "hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign";
    }*/

    /**
     * 如果请求服务失败，则返回指定的信息给调用者
     * @param route
     * @param cause
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            /**
             * 网关向 api 服务请求失败了，但是消费者客户端向网关发起的请求是成功的，
             * 不应该把 api 的 404,500 等问题抛给客户端
             * 网关和 api 服务集群对于客户端来说是黑盒
             * @return
             * @throws IOException
             */
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK.value();
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
                Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
                map.put("status", 200);
                map.put("message", "无法连接，请检查您的网络");
                return new ByteArrayInputStream(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map).getBytes("UTF-8"));
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                // 和 getBody 中的内容编码一致
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}

过滤器

filter


/**
 * 登陆拦截器
 */
@Component
public class LoginFilter  extends ZuulFilter {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginFilter.class);

    /**
     * 配置过滤类型，有四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型
     * 1. pre：路由之前
     * 2. routing：路由之时
     * 3. post：路由之后
     * 4. error：发送错误调用
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    /**
     * 配置过滤的顺序
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * 配置是否需要过滤：true/需要，false/不需要
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤器的具体业务代码
     * @return
     * @throws ZuulException
     */
    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();
        logger.info("{} >>> {}", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString());
        String token = request.getParameter("token");
        if (token == null) {
            logger.warn("Token is empty");
            context.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            context.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            try {
                context.getResponse().getWriter().write("Token is empty");
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        } else {
            logger.info("OK");
        }
        return null;
    }
}

5.项目配置管理

在分布式系统中，由于服务数量巨多，为了方便服务配置文件统一管理，实时更新，所以需要分布式配置中心组件。在 Spring Cloud 中，有分布式配置中心组件 Spring Cloud Config ，它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中（即本地），也支持放在远程 Git 仓库中。在 Spring Cloud Config 组件中，分两个角色，一是 Config Server，二是 Config Client。

1.服务端

工程名：hello-spring-cloud-config

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hang</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-config</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <!-- <name>hello-spring-cloud-config</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>-->

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
         <!--配置管理服务依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hang.hello.spring.cloud.config.ConfigApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-config
  cloud:
    config:
      label: master
      server:
        git:
          uri:  http://192.168.221.133:8080/xuang/hello-spring-cloud.git
          search-paths: respo
          username: xuang
          password: 12345678

server:
  port: 8888

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8762/eureka/

spring.cloud.config.label：配置仓库的分支
spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri：配置 Git 仓库地址（GitHub、GitLab、码云 …）
spring.cloud.config.server.git.search-paths：配置仓库路径（存放配置文件的目录）
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username：访问 Git 仓库的账号
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password：访问 Git 仓库的密码

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigApplication.class,args);
    }
}

gitlab服务器资源结构

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-MXtNkTgr-1610092415210)(C:\Users\DELL\Pictures\截屏\捕获.PNG)]

respo:下存放所有application。yml文件

如feign消费者服务配置文件改为web-admin-feign-dev.yml,web-admin-feign-prod.yml上传gitlab

测试一下：http://ip:8080/文件名/分支：http://localhost:8888/web-admin-feign-dev/master

查看到配置文件信息即可

###2.客户端

在工程：hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign修改application.yml文件

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8888
      name: web-admin-feign
      label: master
      profile: dev

spring.cloud.config.uri：配置服务中心的网址
spring.cloud.config.name：配置文件名称的前缀
spring.cloud.config.label：配置仓库的分支
spring.cloud.config.profile：配置文件的环境标识
dev：表示开发环境
test：表示测试环境
prod：表示生产环境
配置服务器的默认端口为 8888，如果修改了默认端口，则客户端项目就不能在 application.yml 或 application.properties 中配置 spring.cloud.config.uri，必须在 bootstrap.yml 或是 bootstrap.properties 中配置，原因是 bootstrap 开头的配置文件会被优先加载和配置，切记。

再添加一个application-pro.xml文件，此时指定的配置文件为生产环境的配置文件

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8888
      name: web-admin-feign
      label: master
      profile: prod

操作起来很简单，只需要为不同的环境编写专门的配置文件，如：application-dev.yml、application-prod.yml，启动项目时只需要增加一个命令参数 --spring.profiles.active=环境配置 即可，启动命令如下：测试一下在项目存放路径，使用cmd运行jar包

java -jar hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod

word`：访问 Git 仓库的密码

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigApplication.class,args);
    }
}

gitlab服务器资源结构

[外链图片转存中…(img-MXtNkTgr-1610092415210)]

respo:下存放所有application。yml文件

如feign消费者服务配置文件改为web-admin-feign-dev.yml,web-admin-feign-prod.yml上传gitlab

测试一下：http://ip:8080/文件名/分支：http://localhost:8888/web-admin-feign-dev/master

查看到配置文件信息即可

###2.客户端

在工程：hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign修改application.yml文件

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8888
      name: web-admin-feign
      label: master
      profile: dev

spring.cloud.config.uri：配置服务中心的网址
spring.cloud.config.name：配置文件名称的前缀
spring.cloud.config.label：配置仓库的分支
spring.cloud.config.profile：配置文件的环境标识
dev：表示开发环境
test：表示测试环境
prod：表示生产环境
配置服务器的默认端口为 8888，如果修改了默认端口，则客户端项目就不能在 application.yml 或 application.properties 中配置 spring.cloud.config.uri，必须在 bootstrap.yml 或是 bootstrap.properties 中配置，原因是 bootstrap 开头的配置文件会被优先加载和配置，切记。

再添加一个application-pro.xml文件，此时指定的配置文件为生产环境的配置文件

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8888
      name: web-admin-feign
      label: master
      profile: prod

java -jar hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod