Kali:sqlmap :[10:39:37] [CRITICAL] unable to connect to the target URL

在Kali Linux中尝试使用sqlmap工具访问OWASP靶机上的user-info.php页面进行SQL注入测试时,遇到了无法连接目标URL的问题。尝试了网上建议的增加代理设置,如`--proxy=http://192.168.1.1`,但问题依旧。命令行参数包括`--batch`、`--level=5`和`--risk=3`,但连接失败。这可能涉及到网络配置、靶机状态或者sqlmap的使用方法等多方面因素。

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1、kali中使用sqlamp 访问靶机OWAS中页面进行SQL注入提示:unable to connect to the target URL

2、看了网上的都是扯淡增加代理访问
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.111.132/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=zhuzhu&password=123456&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" --batch -p username --proxy=http://192.168.1.1 --level=5 --rick=3

### BUU LFI Course Materials and Resources #### Overview of the Local File Inclusion (LFI) Vulnerability Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when a web application allows user input to specify which files should be included dynamically within the server-side script, such as PHP's `include` or `require`. If not properly sanitized, this can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive system files or even remote code execution. In the context of BUU LFI courses, participants are introduced to various techniques for exploiting these types of vulnerabilities through practical exercises. The primary focus is on understanding how improper handling of file paths leads to security risks[^1]. #### Practical Example from BUU LFI Courses One specific example involves an exercise where users must exploit a vulnerable parameter named 'file'. By manipulating URL parameters like so: ``` http://example.com/index.php?file=../../../../etc/passwd ``` Participants learn that traversing directories using sequences of '../' enables them to reach higher-level folders until reaching critical areas containing flags or other important data points[^2]. For instance, accessing the flag might involve navigating back several levels relative to the current working directory by specifying multiple parent-directory references (`../../..`) before pointing towards the target resource ('flag'). ```bash http://target-url/?file=../../../flag ``` This demonstrates both theoretical knowledge about path traversal attacks alongside hands-on experience with real-world exploitation scenarios provided during training sessions at platforms similar to those described above[^5]. #### Detecting Server Environment Through Error Messages Another aspect covered includes methods for identifying whether the underlying operating system running behind-the-scenes is Windows or Linux based solely upon error messages returned after attempting invalid inputs via query strings attached directly onto URLs[^4]: - **Windows**: Typically shows errors related to missing semicolons (;), colons (:), etc., often associated with incorrect syntax used while trying to reference local filesystem objects. - **Linux/Unix-like Systems**: May display permission denied issues due to restricted permissions set against certain protected locations outside public_html directories unless explicitly allowed otherwise. Understanding differences between OS-specific behaviors helps refine attack vectors tailored specifically toward bypassing defenses present under different environments encountered throughout challenges posed within CTF competitions hosted online. --related questions-- 1. How does one differentiate between absolute vs relative paths in crafting payloads targeting LFI flaws? 2. What measures can developers take to prevent LFI vulnerabilities effectively? 3. Can you explain why it’s crucial to sanitize all forms of external input thoroughly prior to processing inside scripts responsible for including external resources? 4. Are there any tools recommended for automating detection and exploitation processes concerning LFI weaknesses found across diverse applications built over varying technologies stacks? 5. Describe common pitfalls beginners face learning about LFI exploits and suggest ways they could improve their skills progressively without compromising personal systems unintentionally.
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