更新于2018-04-26
使用Maven 重新构建项目
IDEA + SpringMVC + Maven 构建基本web框架
-----------------------------------------
快两个月没有写代码了,这两天稍微写了些,感觉自己都蠢炸了...
本来spring方面的内容就不扎实,现在好了了...感觉补补吧...
先来个Demo结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.st.server</groupId>
<artifactId>MVCFreeMarker01</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>MVCFreeMarker01 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-collections/commons-collections -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.freemarker/freemarker -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.23</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>MVCFreeMarker01</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
然后配置web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 配置DispathcerServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet 的一个初始化参数: 配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 第一次加载的时候就创建,而不是等发送请求的时候才创建 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
然后加入SpringMVC的配置文件 applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mt.server"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器: 如何把handler 方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
接着,咱们来创建一个handler(控制器)
@Controller用于标记在一个类上,使用它标记的类就是一个SpringMVC Controller对象.
分发处理器将会扫描使用了该注解的类的方法,并检测该方法是否使用了@RequestMapping注解
@controller只是定义了一个控制器类,而使用@RequestMapping注解的方法才是真正处理请求的处理器,这个以后再说吧..
这里使用 @RequestMapping 来映射请求
package com.mt.server;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
* HelloWorld-Test
*
* @author CYX
* @create 2018-04-25-6:35
*/
@Controller
public class HelloWorldController {
@RequestMapping(name = "/sayHelloWorld", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHelloWorld() {
System.out.println("hello world");
return "success";
}
}
然后咱们在配置两个用作测试的JSP页面....index.jsp页面
通过映射请求,来调用相对应的方法
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: CYX
Date: 2018/4/25
Time: 6:43
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="sayHelloWorld">HelloWorld....</a>
</body>
</html>
然后再WEB-INF 下建一个views 文件夹,里面创建一个success.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: CYX
Date: 2018/4/25
Time: 6:47
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Success</h4>
</body>
</html>
上面通过@RequestMapping(name = "/sayHelloWorld", method = RequestMethod.GET)来映射请求
返回值通过视图解析器(InternalResourceViewResolver)进行处理....
就会像这样子...
prefix + return Value + 后缀
就是dispatcher-servlet.xml中配置的这个
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
就会拼成一个这样的玩意: /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp 一个真实的物理视图...
然后做转发操作....
我们启动tomcat
点击 helloworld...之后
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SpringMVC@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求
在控制器的类定义 以及方法定义处都可以标注.
类定义处:提供初步的请求映射信息,相对于WEB目录下的根目录.
方法处: 提供进一步的细分映射信息,相对于类定义处的URL,若类定义处未标注@RequestMapping,则方法处标记的URL相对于WEB应用的根目录
DispatcherServlet截获请求后,就通过控制器上@RequestMapping提供的映射信息确定请求所对应的处理方法
继续沿用是一个SpringMVC的例子...
Demo 结构图
handler代码
新建一个类,加上controller注解
package com.springmvc.test;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* Created by cyx on 2016/3/30.
*/
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
@Controller
public class SpringMVCTest {
private static final String SUCCESS = "success";
/**
* 1.@RequestMapping 除了修饰方法,还可以来修饰类 (类上面的就相当于WEB应用中的路径)
* http://localhost:8088/springmvc/testRequestMapping
*
* 2.类定义处: 提供初步的请求映射信息,相对于WEB目录下的根目录.
* 方法处: 提供进一步的细分映射信息,相对于类定义处的URL,若类定义处未标注@RequestMapping,则方法处标记的URL相对于WEB应用的根目录
*
*
*/
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping() {
System.out.println("testRequestMapping");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
别忘记,因为这里我又创建了一个包,所以,配置文件中需要加上....<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.handlers"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.test"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器: 如何把handler 方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
然后在index.jsp文件中 加上一个请求
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: cyx
Date: 2016/3/30
Time: 20:09
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/springmvc/testRequestMapping">@RequestMapping</a>
<br><br>
<a href="helloworld">HelloWorld</a>
</body>
</html>
然后再部署,运行 就OK 了.......---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
接上面继续....
@RequestMapping 除了可以使用请求URL映射请求外,还可以使用请求方法,请求参数以及请求映射请求
@RequestMapping 的value,method,params以及heads 分别表示请求URL,请求方法,请求参数及请求头,
他们之间是与的关系,联合使用多个条件,可以让请求映射更加精确化.
还是之前的例子...
结构不变,只是在test里面加上其他的方法....
package com.springmvc.test;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
* Created by cyx on 2016/3/30.
*/
@RequestMapping("/springmvc")
@Controller
public class SpringMVCTest {
private static final String SUCCESS = "success";
/**
* 1.@RequestMapping 除了修饰方法,还可以来修饰类 (类上面的就相当于WEB应用中的路径)
* http://localhost:8088/springmvc/testRequestMapping
*
* 2.类定义处: 提供初步的请求映射信息,相对于WEB目录下的根目录.
* 方法处: 提供进一步的细分映射信息,相对于类定义处的URL,若类定义处未标注@RequestMapping,则方法处标记的URL相对于WEB应用的根目录
*
*
*/
@RequestMapping("/testRequestMapping")
public String testRequestMapping() {
System.out.println("testRequestMapping");
return SUCCESS;
}
/**
*使用method属性来指定请求方式
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/testMethod", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testMethod() {
System.out.println("testMethod");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
然后修改index.jsp分别模拟发送get请求和post请求...
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: cyx
Date: 2016/3/30
Time: 20:09
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><!--创建form表单 模拟post请求-->
<form action="/springmvc/testMethod" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
<!--这里先模拟一个get请求,因为RequestMapping设置为只接受POST请求,所以不会应答-->
<a href="/springmvc/testMethod">testMethod</a>
<br><br>
<a href="/springmvc/testRequestMapping">@RequestMapping</a>
<br><br>
<a href="helloworld">HelloWorld</a>
</body>
</html>
然后部署运行....贴上两次的运行图...
get请求
post请求:
//--------------更新于2016-4-14
如果按照上面的测试,抛出异常,类似于404什么的...
建议检查下代码的 "/" 这个符号是不是都写了...
还有就是jar包,是不是都添加了....