python中文分词---jieba

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-07 20:34:11 发布

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结巴是一款优秀的Python中文分词组件，支持精确、全和搜索引擎三种分词模式，并具备新词识别能力。此外，还提供了关键词提取、词性标注等功能。

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原文地址：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sherlockzoom/article/details/44566425

jieba

“结巴”中文分词：做最好的 Python 中文分词组件

“Jieba” (Chinese for “to stutter”) Chinese text segmentation: built to be the best Python Chinese word segmentation module.

Scroll down for English documentation.

特点

支持三种分词模式：
- 精确模式，试图将句子最精确地切开，适合文本分析；
- 全模式，把句子中所有的可以成词的词语都扫描出来, 速度非常快，但是不能解决歧义；
- 搜索引擎模式，在精确模式的基础上，对长词再次切分，提高召回率，适合用于搜索引擎分词。
支持繁体分词
支持自定义词典
MIT 授权协议

在线演示

http://jiebademo.ap01.aws.af.cm/

(Powered by Appfog)

网站代码：https://github.com/fxsjy/jiebademo

安装说明

代码对 Python 2/3 均兼容

全自动安装：easy_install jieba 或者 pip install jieba / pip3 install jieba
半自动安装：先下载 http://pypi.python.org/pypi/jieba/ ，解压后运行 python setup.py install
手动安装：将 jieba 目录放置于当前目录或者 site-packages 目录
通过 import jieba 来引用

算法

基于前缀词典实现高效的词图扫描，生成句子中汉字所有可能成词情况所构成的有向无环图 (DAG)
采用了动态规划查找最大概率路径, 找出基于词频的最大切分组合
对于未登录词，采用了基于汉字成词能力的 HMM 模型，使用了 Viterbi 算法

主要功能

1) ：分词

jieba.cut 方法接受三个输入参数: 需要分词的字符串；cut_all 参数用来控制是否采用全模式；HMM 参数用来控制是否使用 HMM 模型
jieba.cut_for_search 方法接受两个参数：需要分词的字符串；是否使用 HMM 模型。该方法适合用于搜索引擎构建倒排索引的分词，粒度比较细
待分词的字符串可以是 unicode 或 UTF-8 字符串、GBK 字符串。注意：不建议直接输入 GBK 字符串，可能无法预料地错误解码成 UTF-8
jieba.cut 以及 jieba.cut_for_search 返回的结构都是一个可迭代的 generator，可以使用 for 循环来获得分词后得到的每一个词语(unicode)，也可以用 list(jieba.cut(…)) 转化为 list

代码示例( 分词 )

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#encoding=utf-8</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> jieba

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我来到北京清华大学"</span>, cut_all=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Full Mode: "</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/ "</span>.join(seg_list))  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 全模式</span>

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我来到北京清华大学"</span>, cut_all=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Default Mode: "</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/ "</span>.join(seg_list))  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 精确模式</span>

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"他来到了网易杭研大厦"</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 默认是精确模式</span>
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", "</span>.join(seg_list))

seg_list = jieba.cut_for_search(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"小明硕士毕业于中国科学院计算所，后在日本京都大学深造"</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 搜索引擎模式</span>
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", "</span>.join(seg_list))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

输出:

【全模式】: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华/ 清华大学/ 华大/ 大学

【精确模式】: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华大学

【新词识别】：他, 来到, 了, 网易, 杭研, 大厦    (此处，“杭研”并没有在词典中，但是也被Viterbi算法识别出来了)

【搜索引擎模式】： 小明, 硕士, 毕业, 于, 中国, 科学, 学院, 科学院, 中国科学院, 计算, 计算所, 后, 在, 日本, 京都, 大学, 日本京都大学, 深造

2) ：添加自定义词典

载入词典

开发者可以指定自己自定义的词典，以便包含 jieba 词库里没有的词。虽然 jieba 有新词识别能力，但是自行添加新词可以保证更高的正确率
用法： jieba.load_userdict(file_name) # file_name 为自定义词典的路径
词典格式和dict.txt一样，一个词占一行；每一行分三部分，一部分为词语，另一部分为词频（可省略），最后为词性（可省略），用空格隔开
词频可省略，使用计算出的能保证分出该词的词频
范例：
- 自定义词典：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/userdict.txt
- 用法示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/test_userdict.py
  - 之前：李小福 / 是 / 创新 / 办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云 / 计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /
  - 加载自定义词库后：　李小福 / 是 / 创新办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /

调整词典

使用 add_word(word, freq=None, tag=None) 和 del_word(word) 可在程序中动态修改词典。
使用 suggest_freq(segment, tune=True) 可调节单个词语的词频，使其能（或不能）被分出来。
注意：自动计算的词频在使用 HMM 新词发现功能时可能无效。

代码示例：

<code class="language-pycon hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'如果放到post中将出错。'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
如果/放到/post/中将/出错/。
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>jieba.suggest_freq((<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'中'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'将'</span>), <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">494</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'如果放到post中将出错。'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
如果/放到/post/中/将/出错/。
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'「台中」正确应该不会被切开'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
「/台/中/」/正确/应该/不会/被/切开
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>jieba.suggest_freq(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'台中'</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">69</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'「台中」正确应该不会被切开'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
「/台中/」/正确/应该/不会/被/切开</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

“通过用户自定义词典来增强歧义纠错能力” — https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues/14

3) ：关键词提取

jieba.analyse.extract_tags(sentence,topK,withWeight) #需要先 import jieba.analyse
sentence 为待提取的文本
topK 为返回几个 TF/IDF 权重最大的关键词，默认值为 20
withWeight 为是否一并返回关键词权重值，默认值为 False

代码示例（关键词提取）

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags.py

关键词提取所使用逆向文件频率（IDF）文本语料库可以切换成自定义语料库的路径

用法： jieba.analyse.set_idf_path(file_name) # file_name为自定义语料库的路径
自定义语料库示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/extra_dict/idf.txt.big
用法示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags_idfpath.py

关键词提取所使用停止词（Stop Words）文本语料库可以切换成自定义语料库的路径

用法： jieba.analyse.set_stop_words(file_name) # file_name为自定义语料库的路径
自定义语料库示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/extra_dict/stop_words.txt
用法示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags_stop_words.py

关键词一并返回关键词权重值示例

用法示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags_with_weight.py

基于TextRank算法的关键词抽取实现

算法论文： TextRank: Bringing Order into Texts

基本思想:

将待抽取关键词的文本进行分词
以固定窗口大小(我选的5，可适当调整)，词之间的共现关系，构建图
计算图中节点的PageRank，注意是无向带权图

基本使用:

jieba.analyse.textrank(raw_text)

示例结果:

来自__main__的示例结果：

<code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">吉林 1.0
欧亚 0.864834432786
置业 0.553465925497
实现 0.520660869531
收入 0.379699688954
增资 0.355086023683
子公司 0.349758490263
全资 0.308537396283
城市 0.306103738053
商业 0.304837414946</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

4) : 词性标注

标注句子分词后每个词的词性，采用和 ictclas 兼容的标记法
用法示例

<code class="language-pycon hljs r has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import jieba.posseg as pseg
>>> words = pseg.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我爱北京天安门"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> w <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> words:
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'%s %s'</span> % (w.word, w.flag))
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>
我 r
爱 v
北京 ns
天安门 ns</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

5) : 并行分词

原理：将目标文本按行分隔后，把各行文本分配到多个 python 进程并行分词，然后归并结果，从而获得分词速度的可观提升
基于 python 自带的 multiprocessing 模块，目前暂不支持 windows
用法：
- jieba.enable_parallel(4) # 开启并行分词模式，参数为并行进程数
- jieba.disable_parallel() # 关闭并行分词模式
例子：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/parallel/test_file.py
实验结果：在 4 核 3.4GHz Linux 机器上，对金庸全集进行精确分词，获得了 1MB/s 的速度，是单进程版的 3.3 倍。

6) : Tokenize：返回词语在原文的起始位置

注意，输入参数只接受 unicode
默认模式

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">result = jieba.tokenize(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">u'永和服装饰品有限公司'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> tk <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> result:
    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d"</span> % (tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>]))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 永和                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 服装                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 饰品                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限公司            start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

搜索模式

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">result = jieba.tokenize(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">u'永和服装饰品有限公司'</span>,mode=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'search'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> tk <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> result:
    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d"</span> % (tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>]))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 永和                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 服装                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 饰品                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 公司                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限公司            start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

7) : ChineseAnalyzer for Whoosh 搜索引擎

引用： from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer
用法示例：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/test_whoosh.py

8) : 命令行分词

使用示例：cat news.txt | python -m jieba > cut_result.txt

命令行选项（翻译）：

使用: python -m jieba [options] filename

结巴命令行界面。

固定参数:
  filename              输入文件

可选参数:
  -h, --help            显示此帮助信息并退出
  -d [DELIM], --delimiter [DELIM]
                        使用 DELIM 分隔词语，而不是用默认的' / '。
                        若不指定 DELIM，则使用一个空格分隔。
  -D DICT, --dict DICT  使用 DICT 代替默认词典
  -u USER_DICT, --user-dict USER_DICT
                        使用 USER_DICT 作为附加词典，与默认词典或自定义词典配合使用
  -a, --cut-all         全模式分词
  -n, --no-hmm          不使用隐含马尔可夫模型
  -q, --quiet           不输出载入信息到 STDERR
  -V, --version         显示版本信息并退出

如果没有指定文件名，则使用标准输入。

--help 选项输出：

$> python -m jieba --help
usage: python -m jieba [options] filename

Jieba command line interface.

positional arguments:
  filename              input file

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -d [DELIM], --delimiter [DELIM]
                        use DELIM instead of ' / ' for word delimiter; or a
                        space if it is used without DELIM
  -D DICT, --dict DICT  use DICT as dictionary
  -u USER_DICT, --user-dict USER_DICT
                        use USER_DICT together with the default dictionary or
                        DICT (if specified)
  -a, --cut-all         full pattern cutting
  -n, --no-hmm          don't use the Hidden Markov Model
  -q, --quiet           don't print loading messages to stderr
  -V, --version         show program's version number and exit

If no filename specified, use STDIN instead.

模块初始化机制的改变:lazy load （从0.28版本开始）

jieba 采用延迟加载，”import jieba” 不会立即触发词典的加载，一旦有必要才开始加载词典构建前缀字典。如果你想手工初始 jieba，也可以手动初始化。

import jieba
jieba.initialize()  # 手动初始化（可选）

在 0.28 之前的版本是不能指定主词典的路径的，有了延迟加载机制后，你可以改变主词典的路径:

jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

例子： https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/test_change_dictpath.py

其他词典

占用内存较小的词典文件
https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.small
支持繁体分词更好的词典文件
https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.big

下载你所需要的词典，然后覆盖 jieba/dict.txt 即可；或者用 jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

其他语言实现

系统集成

Solr: https://github.com/sing1ee/jieba-solr

分词速度

1.5 MB / Second in Full Mode
400 KB / Second in Default Mode
测试环境: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.4GHz；《围城》.txt

常见问题

1. 模型的数据是如何生成的？

详见： https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues/7

2. “台中”总是被切成“台中”？（以及类似情况）

P(台中) ＜ P(台)×P(中)，“台中”词频不够导致其成词概率较低

解决方法：强制调高词频

jieba.add_word('台中') 或者 jieba.suggest_freq('台中', True)

3. “今天天气不错”应该被切成“今天天气不错”？（以及类似情况）

解决方法：强制调低词频

jieba.suggest_freq(('今天', '天气'), True)

或者直接删除该词 jieba.del_word('今天天气')

4. 切出了词典中没有的词语，效果不理想？

解决方法：关闭新词发现

jieba.cut('丰田太省了', HMM=False)
jieba.cut('我们中出了一个叛徒', HMM=False)

修订历史

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/Changelog

jieba

“Jieba” (Chinese for “to stutter”) Chinese text segmentation: built to be the best Python Chinese word segmentation module.

Features

Support three types of segmentation mode:
1. Accurate Mode attempts to cut the sentence into the most accurate segmentations, which is suitable for text analysis.
2. Full Mode gets all the possible words from the sentence. Fast but not accurate.
3. Search Engine Mode, based on the Accurate Mode, attempts to cut long words into several short words, which can raise the recall rate. Suitable for search engines.
Supports Traditional Chinese
Supports customized dictionaries
MIT License

Online demo

http://jiebademo.ap01.aws.af.cm/

(Powered by Appfog)

Usage

Fully automatic installation: easy_install jieba or pip install jieba
Semi-automatic installation: Download http://pypi.python.org/pypi/jieba/ , run python setup.py install after extracting.
Manual installation: place the jieba directory in the current directory or python site-packages directory.
import jieba.

Algorithm

Based on a prefix dictionary structure to achieve efficient word graph scanning. Build a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for all possible word combinations.
Use dynamic programming to find the most probable combination based on the word frequency.
For unknown words, a HMM-based model is used with the Viterbi algorithm.

Main Functions

1) : Cut

The jieba.cut function accepts three input parameters: the first parameter is the string to be cut; the second parameter is cut_all, controlling the cut mode; the third parameter is to control whether to use the Hidden Markov Model.
jieba.cut_for_search accepts two parameter: the string to be cut; whether to use the Hidden Markov Model. This will cut the sentence into short words suitable for search engines.
The input string can be an unicode/str object, or a str/bytes object which is encoded in UTF-8 or GBK. Note that using GBK encoding is not recommended because it may be unexpectly decoded as UTF-8.
jieba.cut and jieba.cut_for_search returns an generator, from which you can use a for loop to get the segmentation result (in unicode), or list(jieba.cut( ... )) to create a list.

Code example: segmentation

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#encoding=utf-8</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> jieba

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我来到北京清华大学"</span>, cut_all=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Full Mode: "</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/ "</span>.join(seg_list))  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 全模式</span>

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我来到北京清华大学"</span>, cut_all=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Default Mode: "</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/ "</span>.join(seg_list))  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 默认模式</span>

seg_list = jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"他来到了网易杭研大厦"</span>)
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", "</span>.join(seg_list))

seg_list = jieba.cut_for_search(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"小明硕士毕业于中国科学院计算所，后在日本京都大学深造"</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 搜索引擎模式</span>
print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", "</span>.join(seg_list))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

Output:

[Full Mode]: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华/ 清华大学/ 华大/ 大学

[Accurate Mode]: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华大学

[Unknown Words Recognize] 他, 来到, 了, 网易, 杭研, 大厦    (In this case, "杭研" is not in the dictionary, but is identified by the Viterbi algorithm)

[Search Engine Mode]： 小明, 硕士, 毕业, 于, 中国, 科学, 学院, 科学院, 中国科学院, 计算, 计算所, 后, 在, 日本, 京都, 大学, 日本京都大学, 深造

2) : Add a custom dictionary

　Load dictionary

Developers can specify their own custom dictionary to be included in the jieba default dictionary. Jieba is able to identify new words, but adding your own new words can ensure a higher accuracy.
Usage： jieba.load_userdict(file_name) # file_name is the path of the custom dictionary
The dictionary format is the same as that of analyse/idf.txt: one word per line; each line is divided into two parts, the first is the word itself, the other is the word frequency, separated by a space

Example：

云计算 5
李小福 2
创新办 3

[Before]： 李小福 / 是 / 创新 / 办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云 / 计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /

[After]：　李小福 / 是 / 创新办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /

Modify dictionary

Use add_word(word, freq=None, tag=None) and del_word(word) to modify the dictionary dynamically in programs.
Use suggest_freq(segment, tune=True) to adjust the frequency of a single word so that it can (or cannot) be segmented.
Note that HMM may affect the final result.

Example:

<code class="language-pycon hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'如果放到post中将出错。'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
如果/放到/post/中将/出错/。
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>jieba.suggest_freq((<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'中'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'将'</span>), <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">494</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'如果放到post中将出错。'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
如果/放到/post/中/将/出错/。
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'「台中」正确应该不会被切开'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
「/台/中/」/正确/应该/不会/被/切开
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>jieba.suggest_freq(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'台中'</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">69</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>.join(jieba.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'「台中」正确应该不会被切开'</span>, HMM=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">False</span>)))
「/台中/」/正确/应该/不会/被/切开</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

3) : Keyword Extraction

jieba.analyse.extract_tags(sentence,topK,withWeight) # needs to first import jieba.analyse
sentence: the text to be extracted
topK: return how many keywords with the highest TF/IDF weights. The default value is 20
withWeight: whether return TF/IDF weights with the keywords. The default value is False

Example (keyword extraction)

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags.py

Developers can specify their own custom IDF corpus in jieba keyword extraction

Usage： jieba.analyse.set_idf_path(file_name) # file_name is the path for the custom corpus
Custom Corpus Sample：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/extra_dict/idf.txt.big
Sample Code：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags_idfpath.py

Developers can specify their own custom stop words corpus in jieba keyword extraction

Usage： jieba.analyse.set_stop_words(file_name) # file_name is the path for the custom corpus
Custom Corpus Sample：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/extra_dict/stop_words.txt
Sample Code：https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags_stop_words.py

There’s also a TextRank implementation available.

Use: jieba.analyse.textrank(raw_text).

4) : Part of Speech Tagging

Tags the POS of each word after segmentation, using labels compatible with ictclas.
Example:

<code class="language-pycon hljs r has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import jieba.posseg as pseg
>>> words = pseg.cut(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我爱北京天安门"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> w <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> words:
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'%s %s'</span> % (w.word, w.flag))
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>
我 r
爱 v
北京 ns
天安门 ns</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

5) : Parallel Processing

Principle: Split target text by line, assign the lines into multiple Python processes, and then merge the results, which is considerably faster.
Based on the multiprocessing module of Python.
Usage:
- jieba.enable_parallel(4) # Enable parallel processing. The parameter is the number of processes.
- jieba.disable_parallel() # Disable parallel processing.
Example:
https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/parallel/test_file.py
Result: On a four-core 3.4GHz Linux machine, do accurate word segmentation on Complete Works of Jin Yong, and the speed reaches 1MB/s, which is 3.3 times faster than the single-process version.

6) : Tokenize: return words with position

The input must be unicode
Default mode

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">result = jieba.tokenize(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">u'永和服装饰品有限公司'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> tk <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> result:
    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d"</span> % (tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>]))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 永和                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 服装                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 饰品                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限公司            start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

Search mode

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">result = jieba.tokenize(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">u'永和服装饰品有限公司'</span>,mode=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'search'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> tk <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> result:
    print(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d"</span> % (tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>],tk[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>]))</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 永和                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 服装                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 饰品                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 公司                start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span>
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">word</span> 有限公司            start: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>                <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">end</span>:<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

7) : ChineseAnalyzer for Whoosh

from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer
Example: https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/test_whoosh.py

8) : Command Line Interface

$> python -m jieba --help
usage: python -m jieba [options] filename

Jieba command line interface.

positional arguments:
  filename              input file

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -d [DELIM], --delimiter [DELIM]
                        use DELIM instead of ' / ' for word delimiter; or a
                        space if it is used without DELIM
  -D DICT, --dict DICT  use DICT as dictionary
  -u USER_DICT, --user-dict USER_DICT
                        use USER_DICT together with the default dictionary or
                        DICT (if specified)
  -a, --cut-all         full pattern cutting
  -n, --no-hmm          don't use the Hidden Markov Model
  -q, --quiet           don't print loading messages to stderr
  -V, --version         show program's version number and exit

If no filename specified, use STDIN instead.

Initialization

By default, Jieba don’t build the prefix dictionary unless it’s necessary. This takes 1-3 seconds, after which it is not initialized again. If you want to initialize Jieba manually, you can call:

import jieba
jieba.initialize()  # (optional)

You can also specify the dictionary (not supported before version 0.28) :

jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

Using Other Dictionaries

It is possible to use your own dictionary with Jieba, and there are also two dictionaries ready for download:

A smaller dictionary for a smaller memory footprint:
https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.small
There is also a bigger dictionary that has better support for traditional Chinese (繁體):
https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.big

By default, an in-between dictionary is used, called dict.txt and included in the distribution.

In either case, download the file you want, and then call jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big') or just replace the existing dict.txt.

Segmentation speed

1.5 MB / Second in Full Mode
400 KB / Second in Default Mode
Test Env: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.4GHz；《围城》.txt

python中文分词---jieba

原文地址：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sherlockzoom/article/details/44566425

jieba

特点

在线演示

安装说明

算法

主要功能

1) ：分词

2) ：添加自定义词典

载入词典

调整词典

3) ：关键词提取

基于TextRank算法的关键词抽取实现

基本思想:

基本使用:

示例结果:

4) : 词性标注

5) : 并行分词

6) : Tokenize：返回词语在原文的起始位置

7) : ChineseAnalyzer for Whoosh 搜索引擎

8) : 命令行分词

模块初始化机制的改变:lazy load （从0.28版本开始）

其他词典

其他语言实现

结巴分词 Java 版本

结巴分词 C++ 版本

结巴分词 Node.js 版本

结巴分词 Erlang 版本

结巴分词 R 版本

结巴分词 iOS 版本

系统集成

分词速度

常见问题

1. 模型的数据是如何生成的？

2. “台中”总是被切成“台 中”？（以及类似情况）

3. “今天天气 不错”应该被切成“今天 天气 不错”？（以及类似情况）

4. 切出了词典中没有的词语，效果不理想？

修订历史

jieba

Features

Online demo

Usage

Algorithm

Main Functions

1) : Cut

2) : Add a custom dictionary

Load dictionary

Modify dictionary

3) : Keyword Extraction

4) : Part of Speech Tagging

5) : Parallel Processing

6) : Tokenize: return words with position

7) : ChineseAnalyzer for Whoosh

8) : Command Line Interface

Initialization

Using Other Dictionaries

Segmentation speed

2. “台中”总是被切成“台中”？（以及类似情况）

3. “今天天气不错”应该被切成“今天天气不错”？（以及类似情况）

　Load dictionary