http://www.2cto.com/kf/201602/490149.html
Android service对于从事android开发的人都不是一个陌生的东西,很多人可能会觉得服务很简单。服务是简单,因为复杂的别人做了,所以才会觉得简单。我们先梳理一下服务的分类,首先有本地服务跟系统服务的区分,而在APP里写的服务大多就成为Java服务或者应用服务。
做APP的人写个应用服务相对来说是最简单的,因为extends了一个service后几个简单的接口就可以跑起来了,写完这种服务可能也只是对服务一知半解,因为值钱的service类Google的人已经帮你写好了,这是你的福气为你带来了便利,当然也可能会麻痹你:),但是做APP的人会有能解决问题是首要任务了,有时间还是对它了解更清楚点比较好,在此不再讨论这个。
做设备做系统的人,经常可能会去写系统服务,也就是framework下面的服务,systemserver里面注册的服务,写这种服务一般来说比较少,只有做设备系统的才会这样干,才有机会有完成的系统代码,可以在里面自由遨游,笔者三年前写过一个,可以看看【自己动手从零开始写一个完整的android Service】
那剩下的一个是本地服务,也就是native service,这种服务我们了解的系统里面多媒体、audio system都是写成了本地服务,这样写的好处就是运行的效率更高一点,因为C/C++先天性就比JAVA的运行效率要高一点。笔者就是由于长期主要从事的都是底层开发的,我们有时有这么一种需求,又要运行效率高,又要好移植,主要是考虑推广写东西给广大客户,那么我就写一个本地服务,这样是最独立的了,效率也最高了,那一个本地服务到底怎么写呢?大多数的人写过的服务以java服务居多,真正写本地服务的不多,本地服务相对来说又是更复杂一点的。因此决定从零开始自己动手写一个本地service,下面就大概描述一下过程。
本地服务有四大块,服务接口(IService),服务代理(也就是BpService),服务stub(也就是BnService),服务实体(Service);下面笔者的实例就以demoNativeService来开启,力求简单,里面就写了两个接口;
首先定义好服务接口IdemoNativeService,IdemoNativeService服务接口的父类是IInterface,在里面主要是要声明一下接口,在DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService),代码如下:
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class
IdemoNativeService :
public
IInterface
{
public
:
enum
{
CONNECT = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
PRINTSTRING_CMD,
};
public
:
DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService);
virtual status_t connect(
int
pid,
int
previewhw,
int
intf,
int
fmt,
int
chan) =
0
;
virtual status_t printString(
const
char
*str) =
0
;
};
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当然定义好了IdemoNativeService的头文件,就需要去实操了,先来搞定BpdemoNativeService,它的父类是BpInterface,这里面主要是涉及数据的跨进程用到的parcel,读啊,写啊,按套路来,也不难,也有AIDL工具可以使用,帮你转出来,再稍微修改一下就可以了,里面有一个很重要的remote,这个和remote就是幕后功臣啊,它保存了服务实例的对象啊,它是来之BpRefBase的一个成员,生成服务的时候,会得到赋值,定义完了以后,很重要的一个程序就是要IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService,"android.hardware.IdemoNativeService");这个宏是非常重要的,跟前面那个DECLARE是对应的,前面声明,后面实现,当然我们带的参数跟的名字是必须一致的,这样才能正常沟通嘛!
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class
BpdemoNativeService:
public
BpInterface<idemonativeservice>
{
public
:
BpdemoNativeService(
const
sp<ibinder>& impl)
: BpInterface<idemonativeservice>(impl)
{
}
virtual status_t connect(
int
pid,
int
previewhw,
int
intf,
int
fmt,
int
chan)
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IdemoNativeService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
data.writeInt32(pid);
data.writeInt32(previewhw);
data.writeInt32(intf);
data.writeInt32(fmt);
data.writeInt32(chan);
remote()->transact(IdemoNativeService::CONNECT, data, &reply);
return
reply.readInt32();
}
virtual status_t printString(
const
char
*str)
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IdemoNativeService::getInterfaceDescriptor());
data.writeCString(str);
remote()->transact(IdemoNativeService::PRINTSTRING_CMD, data, &reply);
return
reply.readInt32();
}
};
IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(demoNativeService,
"android.hardware.IdemoNativeService"
);
//android.hardware.IdemoNativeService ds.demonativeservice</idemonativeservice></ibinder></idemonativeservice>
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接着需要写服务stub了,BndemoNativeService的父类是BnInterface,有没有发现BndemoNativeService跟BpdemoNativeService,都会基于接口类IdemoNativeService,这样沟通起来的接口就唯一了,就具备了对话的可能;
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class
BndemoNativeService:
public
BnInterface<idemonativeservice>
{
public
:
virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code,
const
Parcel& data,Parcel* reply,uint32_t flags =
0
);
};
status_t BndemoNativeService::onTransact(uint32_t code,
const
Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
switch
(code)
{
/*case CONNECT: {
CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply);
int pid = data.readInt32();
int previewhw = data.readInt32();
int intf = data.readInt32();
int fmt = data.readInt32();
int chan = data.readInt32();
reply->writeInt32(connect(pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan));
return NO_ERROR;
}break;
case PRINTSTRING_CMD: {
CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply);
const char *str;
str = data.readCString();
reply->writeInt32(printString(str));
return NO_ERROR;
}break;*/
default
:
return
BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
}</idemonativeservice>
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到这就轮到了大块头service实体demoNativeService了,demoNativeService是基于BndemoNativeService,在demoNativeService里面定义了一个instantiate()接口用于添加service到servicemanager里面去,注意demoNativeService()跟析构函数~demoNativeService()需要写成private的,免得别人可以new出对象来。在里面重写了onTransact,一旦BpdemoNativeService有风吹草动,就会联动到BndemoNativeService,因为服务实体重写了onTransact,所以实际就会先执行到demoNativeService::onTransact这里来,在这里面处理不了,可以再转给BpdemoNativeService的onTransact或者直接到BBinder的onTransact;
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void
demoNativeService::instantiate() {
android::defaultServiceManager()->addService(
IdemoNativeService::descriptor,
new
demoNativeService());
}
demoNativeService::demoNativeService()
{
ALOGE(
"demoNativeService created"
);
mOpened =
1
;
}
demoNativeService::~demoNativeService()
{
ALOGE(
"demoNativeService destroyed"
);
}
status_t demoNativeService::connect(
int
pid,
int
previewhw,
int
intf,
int
fmt,
int
chan){
ALOGD(
"demoNativeService connect:%d, %d, %d, %d, %d"
, pid, previewhw, intf, fmt, chan);
return
88
;
}
status_t demoNativeService::printString(
const
char
*str){
ALOGD(
"demoNativeService printString:%s"
, str);
return
66
;
}
#
if
1
status_t demoNativeService::onTransact(uint32_t code,
const
android::Parcel &data,
android::Parcel *reply,
uint32_t flags)
{
ALOGD(
"OnTransact(%u,%u)"
, code, flags);
switch
(code) {
case
CONNECT: {
CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply);
int
pid = data.readInt32();
int
previewhw = data.readInt32();
int
intf = data.readInt32();
int
fmt = data.readInt32();
int
chan = data.readInt32();
ALOGD(
"CONNECT: %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n"
, pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan);
reply->writeInt32(connect(pid,previewhw,intf,fmt,chan));
return
NO_ERROR;
}
break
;
case
PRINTSTRING_CMD: {
CHECK_INTERFACE(IdemoNativeService, data, reply);
const
char
*str;
str = data.readCString();
ALOGD(
"PrintString: %s\n"
, str);
ALOGD(
"printString: %s\n"
, str);
reply->writeInt32(printString(str));
return
NO_ERROR;
}
break
;
default
:
return
BndemoNativeService::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
return
NO_ERROR;
}
#endif
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写完了服务,那我们就再写一个可执行文件来生成一下,里面startThreadPool生成线程池,然后再调用joinThreadPool来监听变化;
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sp<processstate> proc(ProcessState::self());
sp<iservicemanager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
// ALOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());
demoNativeService::instantiate();
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();</iservicemanager></processstate>
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写到这,可以说服务已经可以跑起来了,那我们怎么验证呢,最快的办法还是写一个可执行文件去测一下它的接口,看通没通就知道了;
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int
ret= -
1
;
int
pid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingPid();
ALOGI(
"demoNativeService client is now starting, pid=%d"
, pid);
android::sp sm = android::defaultServiceManager();
android::sp binder;
android::sp<idemonativeservice> shw;
do
{
binder = sm->getService(android::String16(
"ds.demonativeservice"
));
if
(binder !=
0
)
break
;
ALOGW(
"IdemoNativeService not published, waiting..."
);
usleep(
500000
);
}
while
(
true
);
ALOGI(
"IdemoNativeService client is now trying"
);
shw = android::interface_cast<idemonativeservice>(binder);
ret = shw->printString(
"Good man desheng"
);
ALOGI(
"demoNativeService client printString, ret=%d"
, ret);
ret = shw->connect(pid,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
);
ALOGI(
"demoNativeService client connect, ret=%d"
, ret);</idemonativeservice></idemonativeservice></android::ibinder></android::iservicemanager>
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下面就是笔者测试的打印,如下:
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# dem
demoNativeServiceclient demoNativeServiceserver
# demoNativeServiceserver &
[
2
]
2332
# --------- beginning of /dev/log/main
02
-
19
17
:
10
:
57.890
E/HelloWorldService(
2332
): demoNativeService created
#
# dem
demoNativeServiceclient demoNativeServiceserver
# demoNativeServiceclient
02
-
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17
:
11
:
02.520
I/demoNativeService/Service(
2334
): demoNativeService client is now starting, pid=
2334
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
I/demoNativeService/Service(
2334
): IdemoNativeService client is now trying
02
-
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17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): OnTransact(
2
,
16
)
02
-
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17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): PrintString: Good man desheng
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): printString: Good man desheng
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): demoNativeService printString:Good man desheng
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
I/demoNativeService/Service(
2334
): demoNativeService client printString, ret=
66
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): OnTransact(
1
,
16
)
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): CONNECT:
2334
,
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,
2
,
3
,
4
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
D/HelloWorldService(
2332
): demoNativeService connect:
2334
,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
I/demoNativeService/Service(
2334
): demoNativeService client connect, ret=
88
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
02.520
I/demoNativeService/Service(
2334
): Hello client is now exiting
#
#
02
-
19
17
:
11
:
07.540
D/InitAlarmsService(
2259
): Clearing and rescheduling alarms.
# service list
Found
78
services:
0
ds.demonativeservice: [android.hardware.IdemoNativeService]
1
phone: [com.android.internal.telephony.ITelephony]
2
iphonesubinfo: [com.android.internal.telephony.IPhoneSubInfo]
3
simphonebook: [com.android.internal.telephony.IIccPhoneBook]
4
isms: [com.android.internal.telephony.ISms]
5
jeavoxmiddleware: [android.jeavox.IMiddleWareService]
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写到这,如果要给应用调用的话,还需要写Client,JNI,JNI及以上在此不再讨论了,我们就简易来看看client怎么处理吧,其实有点类似上面那个可执行文件的写法,这里可能就是有一个对象的概念,可以保持,大概如下:
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demoNativeServiceClient::demoNativeServiceClient()
{
sp<iservicemanager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
sp<ibinder> binder = sm->getService(String16(
"ds.demonativeservice"
));
mdemoNativeService = interface_cast<idemonativeservice>(binder);
}
demoNativeServiceClient::~demoNativeServiceClient()
{
mdemoNativeService = NULL;
}
int32_t demoNativeServiceClient::connect(
int
previewhw,
int
intf,
int
fmt,
int
chan)
{
return
mdemoNativeService->connect(getCallingPid(),previewhw,intf,fmt,chan);
}
int32_t demoNativeServiceClient::printString(
const
char
*str)
{
return
mdemoNativeService->printString(str);
}</idemonativeservice></ibinder></iservicemanager>
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罗哩罗嗦写了这么多,请大家拍砖,轻拍一下:)