理解 /etc/passwd

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-01 09:00:36 发布

Robin2Wu

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-01 09:00:36 发布

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分类专栏： Ubuntu 文章标签： Bash

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/etc/passwd文件为每个系统用户或用户帐户提供了一条记录。每条记录由七个字段组成，包括用户名、密码（通常指向加密后的密码存放位置）、用户ID（UID）、组ID（GID）、用户信息、家目录路径以及默认shell。该文件对于理解用户配置至关重要。

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转载: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/understanding-etcpasswd-file-format/

The /etc/passwd contains one entry per line for each user (or user account) of the system. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. Total seven fields as follows.

Username: It is used when user logs in. It should be between 1 and 32 characters in length. Password: An x character indicates that encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file. User ID (UID): Each user must be assigned a user ID (UID). UID 0 (zero) is reserved for root and UIDs 1-99 are reserved for other predefined accounts. Further UID 100-999 are reserved by system for administrative and system accounts/groups. Group ID (GID): The primary group ID (stored in /etc/group file) User ID Info: The comment field. It allow you to add extra information about the users such as user's full name, phone number etc. This field use by finger command. Home directory: The absolute path to the directory the user will be in when they log in. If this directory does not exists then users directory becomes / Command/shell: The absolute path of a command or shell (/bin/bash). Typically, this is a shell. Please note that it does not have to be a shell.