Bid-offer spread(bid-ask spread)

本文介绍了证券市场中的买卖价差概念,即买价与卖价之间的差距。买卖价差反映了市场的流动性及交易成本,并通过外汇市场实例说明其计算方法。

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Bid-offer spread

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The bid/offer spread (also known as bid/ask orbuy/sell spread) forsecurities (such asstocks, futures contracts,options, orcurrency pairs) is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a singlemarket maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale (ask) and an immediate purchase (bid).The size of the bid-offer spread in a security is one measure of the liquidity of the market and of the size of thetransaction cost.[1]

The trader initiating the transaction is said to demand liquidity, and the other party (counterparty) to the transaction supplies liquidity. Liquidity demanders placemarket orders and liquidity suppliers placelimit orders. For a round trip (a purchase and sale together) the liquidity demander pays the spread and the liquidity supplier earns the spread. All limit orders outstanding at a given time (i.e., limit orders that have not been executed) are together called theLimit Order Book. In some markets such asNASDAQ, dealers supply liquidity. However, on most exchanges, such as theAustralian Securities Exchange, there are no designated liquidity suppliers, and liquidity is supplied by other traders. On these exchanges, and even on NASDAQ, institutions and individuals can supply liquidity by placing limit orders.

The bid-ask spread is an accepted measure of liquidity costs in exchange traded securities and commodities. On any standardized exchange two elements comprise almost all of thetransaction cost – brokerage fees and bid-ask spreads. Under competitive conditions the bid-ask spread measures the cost of making transactions without delay. The difference in price paid by an urgent buyer and received by an urgent seller is the liquidity cost. Since brokerage commissions do not vary with the time taken to complete a transaction, differences in bid-ask spread indicate differences in the liquidity cost.[2]

Example: Currency spread

If the current bid price for the EUR/USD currency pair is 1.5760 and the current ask price is 1.5763, this means that currently you can sell the EUR/USD at 1.5760 and buy at 1.5763. The difference between those prices is the spread.

If the USD/JPY currency pair is currently trading at 101.89/101.92, that is another way of saying that the bid for the USD/JPY is 101.89 and the ask is 101.92. This means that currently, holders of USD can sell 1 USD for 101.89 JPY and investors who wish to buy dollars can do so at a cost of 101.92 JPY per 1 USD.

References

  1. ^ Spreads - definition
  2. ^ Demsetz, H. 1968. "The Cost of Transacting." Quarterly Journal of Economics 82: 33-53http://web.cenet.org.cn/upfile/100078.pdfdoi:10.2307/1882244JSTOR1882244

 

#property copyright "Simplified Gann EA" #property version "1.00" #property strict // 输入参数 input string IndicatorName = "Simplified Gann Indicator_fix"; // 指标名称 input ENUM_APPLIED_PRICE SignalPriceType = PRICE_CLOSE; // 开单价格类型 input bool SignalReversal = true; // 信号反转自动平仓 // 手数设置 enum ENUM_LOT_MODE { LOT_FIXED, // 固定手数 LOT_PERCENTAGE // 资金百分比 }; input ENUM_LOT_MODE LotMode = LOT_FIXED; // 手数模式 input double FixedLot = 0.1; // 固定手数 input double PercentageRisk = 2.0; // 风险百分比(账户余额%) // 止盈止损设置 enum ENUM_SLTP_MODE { sss1, // 指标水平 FIXED_PIPS // 固定点数 }; input ENUM_SLTP_MODE SLTP_Mode = sss1; // 止盈止损模式 input int FixedSL = 50; // 固定止损点数(当模式为FIXED_PIPS时) input int FixedTP = 100; // 固定止盈点数(当模式为FIXED_PIPS时) input int TpLevel = 1; // 使用的止盈级别(1-3,当模式为INDICATOR_LEVELS1时) // 指标缓冲区定义(根据指标实际缓冲区调整) const int ARROW_BUY = 0; // 买入信号缓冲区 const int ARROW_SELL = 1; // 卖出信号缓冲区 const int SL_LEVEL = 2; // 止损缓冲区 const int TP_LEVEL_1 = 3; // 止盈1缓冲区 const int TP_LEVEL_2 = 4; // 止盈2缓冲区 const int TP_LEVEL_3 = 5; // 止盈3缓冲区 // 全局变量 datetime lastBarTime; double pointMultiplier; // 点值乘数(处理5位报价) //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| EA初始化函数 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ int OnInit() { pointMultiplier = Point(); if(Digits() == 3 || Digits() == 5) pointMultiplier *= 10; return(INIT_SUCCEEDED); } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| EA主函数 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void OnTick() { if(NewBar() && !IsTradeContextBusy1()) { CheckSignal(); } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 检查新K线 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ bool NewBar() { static int lastBars = 0; int currentBars = Bars(_Symbol, _Period); if(currentBars > lastBars) { lastBars = currentBars; return true; } return false; } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 检查指标信号 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void CheckSignal() { double buySignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY, 0); double sellSignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL, 0); double prevBuySignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY, 1); double prevSellSignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL, 1); // 检测新买入信号 if(buySignal != EMPTY_VALUE && prevBuySignal == EMPTY_VALUE) { if(SignalReversal) CloseOppositePositions(OP_SELL); OpenTrade(OP_BUY); } // 检测新卖出信号 if(sellSignal != EMPTY_VALUE && prevSellSignal == EMPTY_VALUE) { if(SignalReversal) CloseOppositePositions(OP_BUY); OpenTrade(OP_SELL); } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 获取指标值 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ double GetIndicatorValue(int buffer, int shift) { double val = iCustom(_Symbol, _Period, IndicatorName, buffer, shift); if(val == EMPTY_VALUE && GetLastError() != 0) { Print("指标加载失败! 名称:", IndicatorName, " 错误:", GetLastError()); } return val; } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 开立交易 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void OpenTrade(int cmd) { double entryPrice = (cmd == OP_BUY) ? ((SignalPriceType == PRICE_CLOSE) ? iClose(_Symbol, _Period, 0) : Ask) : ((SignalPriceType == PRICE_CLOSE) ? iClose(_Symbol, _Period, 0) : Bid); double slPrice = 0, tpPrice = 0; double lotSize = CalculateLotSize(); // 设置止盈止损 SetSLTP(cmd, slPrice, tpPrice); // 发送订单 if(cmd == OP_BUY) { if(!OrderSend(_Symbol, OP_BUY, lotSize, Ask, 30, slPrice, tpPrice, "Gann EA Buy", 0)) Print("买入订单失败!错误代码: ", GetLastError()); } else { if(!OrderSend(_Symbol, OP_SELL, lotSize, Bid, 30, slPrice, tpPrice, "Gann EA Sell", 0)) Print("卖出订单失败!错误代码: ", GetLastError()); } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 设置止盈止损 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void SetSLTP(int cmd, double &sl, double &tp) { if(SLTP_Mode == sss1) { // 从指标获取水平 double indicatorSL = GetIndicatorValue(SL_LEVEL, 0); if(indicatorSL != EMPTY_VALUE) sl = indicatorSL; // 根据选择设置止盈级别 switch(TpLevel) { case 1: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_1, 0); break; case 2: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_2, 0); break; case 3: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_3, 0); break; default: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_1, 0); } // 确保止盈止损方向正确 if(cmd == OP_BUY && tp < NormalizeDouble(Ask, Digits())) tp = Ask + NormalizeDouble((tp - Ask), Digits()); if(cmd == OP_SELL && tp > NormalizeDouble(Bid, Digits())) tp = Bid - NormalizeDouble((Bid - tp), Digits()); } else { // 固定点数模式 if(cmd == OP_BUY) { sl = Ask - FixedSL * pointMultiplier; tp = Ask + FixedTP * pointMultiplier; } else { sl = Bid + FixedSL * pointMultiplier; tp = Bid - FixedTP * pointMultiplier; } } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 计算交易手数 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ double CalculateLotSize() { if(LotMode == LOT_FIXED) return FixedLot; // 百分比风险管理 double balance = AccountInfoDouble(ACCOUNT_BALANCE); double tickValue = MarketInfo(_Symbol, MODE_TICKVALUE); double tickSize = MarketInfo(_Symbol, MODE_TICKSIZE); if(tickValue > 0 && tickSize > 0 && pointMultiplier > 0) { // 计算每点价值(标准化处理) double pointValue = (tickValue / (tickSize / Point())) * pointMultiplier; // 根据风险和止损计算手数 double riskAmount = balance * (PercentageRisk / 100.0); double riskLots = riskAmount / (FixedSL * pointValue); // 符合平台要求 double minLot = MarketInfo(_Symbol, MODE_MINLOT); double maxLot = MarketInfo(_Symbol, MODE_MAXLOT); double lotStep = MarketInfo(_Symbol, MODE_LOTSTEP); riskLots = MathMax(minLot, MathMin(maxLot, riskLots)); riskLots = NormalizeDouble(riskLots / lotStep, 0) * lotStep; return riskLots; } return FixedLot; // 退回到固定手数 } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 关闭相反方向的持仓 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void CloseOppositePositions(int oppositeType) { for(int i = OrdersTotal()-1; i >= 0; i--) { if(OrderSelect(i, SELECT_BY_POS, MODE_TRADES)) { if(OrderSymbol() == _Symbol && OrderType() == oppositeType) { double closePrice = (oppositeType == OP_BUY) ? Bid : Ask; if(!OrderClose(OrderTicket(), OrderLots(), closePrice, 3)) Print("平仓失败!错误代码: ", GetLastError()); } } } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 检查交易环境是否可用 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ bool IsTradeContextBusy1() { if(IsTradeAllowed()) return false; return !IsTradeAllowed(); } double GetPrice(int cmd) { if(cmd == OP_BUY) return Ask; return Bid; } 有指标提示。但是没有开单。 指标提示:2025.06.08 10:20:52.826 2025.06.03 00:00:00 Simplified Gann Indicator_fix XAUUSDm,M1: Alert: Gann Made Easy, SELL, XAUUSDm M1, Signal=3386.055, TP=3380.951, SL=3391.159 (-5104)
06-09
<think>我们注意到在回测时EA没有开单,尽管指标有提示。问题可能出现在信号检测、订单发送条件或执行环境上。根据提供的日志,指标发出了SELL信号,但EA没有执行。我们需要重点检查以下几个方面:1.**信号检测逻辑**:在CheckSignal函数中,我们检测当前K线的信号和前一根K线的信号。只有当当前K线有信号而前一根没有时才开单。但注意:指标提示的时间是2025.06.0300:00:00,而日志打印的时间是2025.06.0810:20:52(可能是回测报告的时间?),需要确认在回测时EA是否在该时间点检测到了信号。2.**指标缓冲区值**:指标提示了信号值,但EA可能没有正确读取到。我们在GetIndicatorValue函数中添加了错误打印,需要检查回测日志中是否有“指标加载失败”的提示。3.**开单价格和止损止盈计算**:如果开单价格、止损或止盈计算不正确,可能会导致订单被拒绝(例如价格无效、止损错误等)。订单发送失败的错误代码会被打印,需要检查回测日志。4.**交易环境检查**:IsTradeContextBusy1函数可能返回true,或者NewBar函数没有正确检测新K线。5.**新K线检测**:我们修改了NewBar函数,使用Bars函数,但注意回测时Bars可能不会改变(因为回测是逐tick进行的,但Bars在同一个K线内是固定的)。因此,我们可能在同一个K线内多次尝试开单(但我们的逻辑只在新K线开单)。需要确认在回测中NewBar是否按预期工作。6.**EA逻辑流程**:在OnTick中,我们要求满足NewBar和IsTradeContextBusy1返回false才执行CheckSignal。因此,如果这两个条件有一个不满足,就不会开单。针对以上分析,我们可以采取以下措施:-在CheckSignal函数中加入调试输出,打印检测到的信号值。-确保指标名称与指标文件名完全匹配(包括大小写和路径)。如果指标在指标文件夹的子文件夹中,需要指定相对路径(例如:"MyIndicators\\SimplifiedGannIndicator_fix")。-检查开单时计算的止损止盈价格是否合理,避免出现价格无效(如止损止盈为0或超出价格限制)的情况。-在OrderSend前后输出详细的价格和手数信息,以便分析。修改建议:1.增强CheckSignal的日志输出:```mql4voidCheckSignal(){doublebuySignal=GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY,0);doublesellSignal=GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL,0);doubleprevBuySignal=GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY,1);doubleprevSellSignal=GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL,1);Print("CheckSignal:buySignal=",buySignal,",sellSignal=",sellSignal,",prevBuySignal=",prevBuySignal,",prevSellSignal=",prevSellSignal);//检测新买入信号if(buySignal!=EMPTY_VALUE&&prevBuySignal==EMPTY_VALUE){Print("发现新买入信号!");if(SignalReversal){Print("执行反转,先平空单");CloseOppositePositions(OP_SELL);}OpenTrade(OP_BUY);}//检测新卖出信号if(sellSignal!=EMPTY_VALUE&&prevSellSignal==EMPTY_VALUE){Print("发现新卖出信号!");if(SignalReversal){Print("执行反转,先平多单");CloseOppositePositions(OP_BUY);}OpenTrade(OP_SELL);}}```2.修改NewBar函数:由于在回测中,每个tick都会执行OnTick,但我们只希望在新K线开始时检查信号。之前修改的Bars方法可能不如时间戳方法可靠(尤其是在回测时)。我们可以改回时间戳方法,但增加一个技巧:使用Volume[0]不为0来确保新K线(因为新K线的第一个tick的Volume>0,而历史K线Volume为0)。不过,在回测时,历史K线数据中Volume可能也是0。我们这里采用标准的时间戳方法,并注意回测时时间戳的获取。考虑到回测中可能的问题,我们使用以下NewBar函数:```mql4boolNewBar(){datetimecurrentBarTime=iTime(_Symbol,_Period,0);if(currentBarTime!=lastBarTime){lastBarTime=currentBarTime;returntrue;}returnfalse;}```注意:在回测中,同一个K线内的所有tick都会调用OnTick,但只有该K线的第一个tick时,currentBarTime会改变(因为iTime(0)返回当前未完成K线的开盘时间)。因此,这样能确保每根K线只执行一次信号检查。3.在OpenTrade函数中,我们输出开单前的详细信息:```mql4voidOpenTrade(intcmd){doubleentryPrice=(cmd==OP_BUY)?((SignalPriceType==PRICE_CLOSE)?iClose(_Symbol,_Period,0):GetPrice(cmd)):((SignalPriceType==PRICE_CLOSE)?iClose(_Symbol,_Period,0):GetPrice(cmd));doubleslPrice=0,tpPrice=0;doublelotSize=CalculateLotSize();Print("准备开单,方向:",(cmd==OP_BUY?"BUY":"SELL"),",价格类型:",EnumToString(SignalPriceType),",开仓价格:",entryPrice,",手数:",lotSize);//设置止盈止损SetSLTP(cmd,slPrice,tpPrice);Print("设置止损止盈:SL=",slPrice,",TP=",tpPrice);//发送订单if(cmd==OP_BUY){if(!OrderSend(_Symbol,OP_BUY,lotSize,Ask,30,slPrice,tpPrice,"GannEABuy",0))Print("买入订单失败!错误代码:",GetLastError());}else{if(!OrderSend(_Symbol,OP_SELL,lotSize,Bid,30,slPrice,tpPrice,"GannEASell",0))Print("卖出订单失败!错误代码:",GetLastError());}}```4.注意SetSLTP函数中,当使用指标水平时,我们修改了止盈价格?但注意:-在买入时,指标提供的止盈应该是一个高于当前Ask的价格?但是日志中指标提示的SELL信号,其TP=3380.951,而当前价格在3386左右,所以TP低于当前价格,这符合卖出单的止盈(卖出单止盈在下方)。-但是,在卖出单的止盈设置中,我们有一段代码:if(cmd==OP_SELL&&tp>NormalizeDouble(Bid,Digits()))tp=Bid-NormalizeDouble((Bid-tp),Digits());这个逻辑有些问题:因为指标提供的止盈价格(tp)应该是一个低于当前Bid的价格(对于卖出单),所以正常情况下,tp< Bid,因此不会触发这个调整。-反而,如果指标返回的止盈价格高于Bid(即大于当前卖出价),那么我们调整?这实际上不太合理。对于卖出单,止盈应该设置在下方的价格。重新审视调整逻辑:对于买入单:如果指标返回的止盈低于当前买入价(Ask),那么我们要调整?这也不合理。买入单的止盈应该高于买入价。调整思路:我们调整的目的是什么?指标返回的止盈价格可能是绝对的,但是我们需要确保对于买入单,止盈价>开仓价;对于卖出单,止盈价<开仓价。修改SetSLTP中的调整部分:```mql4//确保止盈止损方向正确if(cmd==OP_BUY){if(tp< Ask)//止盈应该高于买入价,但如果指标返回的低于当前买入价,则需要调整{//这里可能是指标返回错误,或者我们需要调整?但是指标返回的止盈应该是针对当前K线的,可能是合理的吗?//实际上,我们不应该调整,因为指标返回的止盈可能是根据指标计算的目标价,即使低于当前价格,也可能是有效的(比如在反转信号中)。//因此,这里我们注释掉这个调整,因为指标返回的止盈可能是正确的。//tp=Ask+NormalizeDouble((tp-Ask),Digits());//原来的调整逻辑是加上差值?这样可能导致错误。//我们暂时不做调整,但记录一个警告Print("警告:买入单的止盈低于当前买入价!TP=",tp,"< Ask=",Ask);}}elseif(cmd==OP_SELL){if(tp>Bid){Print("警告:卖出单的止盈高于当前卖出价!TP=",tp,">Bid=",Bid);}}```我们可能需要移除这个调整,因为指标返回的绝对价格可能是有意义的。当然,如果指标返回的止盈价格和当前价格的关系不符合订单类型,可能是指标计算错误,或者我们不应该开单。因此,我们考虑在OpenTrade函数中,如果止损止盈不符合要求,则不开单并记录错误。例如,对于买入单:-止损应该小于当前买入价(Ask-止盈应该大于当前买入价(Ask)对于卖出单:-止损应该大于当前卖出价(Bid-止盈应该小于当前卖出价(Bid)因此,在SetSLTP之后,我们可以增加检查:```mql4//设置止盈止损SetSLTP(cmd,slPrice,tpPrice);//检查止损止盈的合理性if(cmd==OP_BUY){if(slPrice>=Ask){Print("错误:买入单的止损必须低于买入价!SL=",slPrice,",Ask=",Ask);return;}if(tpPrice<=Ask&&tpPrice!=0)//允许tpPrice为0(表示不止盈){Print("错误:买入单的止盈必须高于买入价!TP=",tpPrice,",Ask=",Ask);return;}}elseif(cmd==OP_SELL){if(slPrice<=Bid){Print("错误:卖出单的止损必须高于卖出价!SL=",slPrice,",Bid=",Bid);return;}if(tpPrice>=Bid&&tpPrice!=0){Print("错误:卖出单的止盈必须低于卖出价!TP=",tpPrice,",Bid=",Bid);return;}}```5.指标名称:确保指标的名称正确。日志中指标名称是“SimplifiedGannIndicator_fix”,但在代码中我们使用的是“SimplifiedGannIndicator_fix”,注意在MT4中,指标名称是指标文件的文件名(不包括扩展名)。如果指标文件名为“SimplifiedGannIndicator_fix.ex4”,则指标名称应该是“SimplifiedGannIndicator_fix”。另外,注意指标文件是否在正确的目录(通常是MQL4/Indicators/)下。6.回测时,确保在策略测试器中选择了正确的EA,并正确设置了参数,同时数据量要足够(K线数要多,以便指标计算)。根据以上修改,我们重新组织代码。由于代码较长,我们只提供关键修改部分。请替换相关函数。最后,回测时查看“专家”标签页的输出,根据输出信息再具体分析。注意:由于回测环境的特殊性,有时需要多次尝试调整。另外,回测时的滑点、市场深度等设置也可能会影响订单执行。我们尝试将上述修改整合到代码中,然后重新回测。如果问题依然存在,请查看回测日志中的打印信息,以确定具体原因。</think> ### 问题分析与解决方案 您在MT4回测中看到指标提示信号,但EA没有开单。这通常是由以下几个原因导致的: ```mql4 //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 改进的CheckSignal函数 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void CheckSignal() { double buySignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY, 0); double sellSignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL, 0); double prevBuySignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY, 1); double prevSellSignal = GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_SELL, 1); // 添加详细日志输出 Print("Signal Check - Buy: ", buySignal, " | Sell: ", sellSignal, " | PrevBuy: ", prevBuySignal, " | PrevSell: ", prevSellSignal); // 检测新买入信号 - 添加价格验证 if(buySignal != EMPTY_VALUE && prevBuySignal == EMPTY_VALUE && Ask > 0) { Print("NEW BUY SIGNAL DETECTED!"); if(SignalReversal) CloseOppositePositions(OP_SELL); OpenTrade(OP_BUY); } // 检测新卖出信号 - 添加价格验证 if(sellSignal != EMPTY_VALUE && prevSellSignal == EMPTY_VALUE && Bid > 0) { Print("NEW SELL SIGNAL DETECTED!"); if(SignalReversal) CloseOppositePositions(OP_BUY); OpenTrade(OP_SELL); } } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 改进的SetSLTP函数(关键修复) | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void SetSLTP(int cmd, double &sl, double &tp) { if(SLTP_Mode == sss1) { sl = GetIndicatorValue(SL_LEVEL, 0); // 添加SL/TP值验证 if(sl == EMPTY_VALUE || sl <= 0) { Print("WARNING: Invalid SL value from indicator!"); sl = 0; // 禁用无效SL } switch(TpLevel) { case 1: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_1, 0); break; case 2: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_2, 0); break; case 3: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_3, 0); break; default: tp = GetIndicatorValue(TP_LEVEL_1, 0); } // 修复:避免错误的止盈价格计算 // 移除原有调整逻辑,直接使用指标提供的绝对价格值 Print("SL from indicator: ", sl, " | TP from indicator: ", tp); } else { // 固定点数模式保持不变 } } ``` ### 关键修复点解释 1. **信号检测逻辑改进**: - 增加价格验证`Ask > 0`和`Bid > 0`防止在无效价格时开单 - 添加详细的日志输出,便于调试信号检测过程 2. **止盈止损计算修复(主要问题)**: - 原代码尝试调整指标返回的价格值`tp = Ask + NormalizeDouble((tp - Ask), Digits())`这是错误的 - 指标提供的SL/TP已经是绝对价格值(如日志显示的3380.951),应直接使用 - 添加值验证防止使用无效的SL/TP值(小于等于0或EMPTY_VALUE) 3. **订单执行安全保障**: ```mql4 //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 改进的OpenTrade函数 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ void OpenTrade(int cmd) { double slPrice = 0, tpPrice = 0; SetSLTP(cmd, slPrice, tpPrice); // 验证订单参数 if((slPrice > 0 && !IsValidPrice(slPrice, cmd)) || (tpPrice > 0 && !IsValidPrice(tpPrice, cmd))) { Print("INVALID SL/TP PRICES. Order rejected."); return; } // 原有订单发送逻辑... } //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| 价格有效性检查 | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ bool IsValidPrice(double price, int cmd) { double spread = Ask - Bid; if(cmd == OP_BUY) { return (price > Ask + spread) || (price < Ask - 1000 * Point()); } else { return (price < Bid - spread) || (price > Bid + 1000 * Point()); } } ``` ### 完整解决方案步骤 1. **指标验证**: ```mql4 // 在OnInit中验证指标是否存在 int OnInit() { // 原有代码... // 检查指标是否存在 if(GetIndicatorValue(ARROW_BUY, 0) == EMPTY_VALUE && GetLastError() != 0) { MessageBox("Indicator " + IndicatorName + " not found!", "Error", MB_ICONERROR); return(INIT_FAILED); } return(INIT_SUCCEEDED); } ``` 2. **日志分析增强**: ```mql4 // 在GetIndicatorValue中添加详细日志 double GetIndicatorValue(int buffer, int shift) { double val = iCustom(_Symbol, _Period, IndicatorName, buffer, shift); if(GetLastError() != 0) { Print("Indicator ERROR: ", IndicatorName, "[", buffer, "]", " Shift=", shift, " - ", ErrorDescription(GetLastError())); } return val; } ``` 3. **回测注意事项**: - 确保在策略测试器中勾选"Visual Mode"和"Optimization" - 使用"Every tick based on real ticks"模式 - 检查"Experts"标签中的详细日志输出 ### 常见错误诊断 如果修复后仍然不开单,请检查以下可能: 1. `PercentageRisk`计算导致手数无效(小于0或超大值) 2. 指标缓冲区索引错误(实际指标可能有不同的缓冲区分配) 3. 经纪商服务器对挂单距离的限制导致订单拒绝
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