C语言基础：结构体

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分类专栏： C 菜鸟学习编程之路

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示例代码：

#include<stdio.h> //头文件
//结构体，嵌套结构体
struct student{ //结构体 struct关键字修饰
int number; //学号
char name[20]; //姓名
char sex; //性别
struct date{ //结构体日期嵌套结构体
int year; //年
int month; //月
int day; //日
}birthday;
float score; //总分
char speciality[11]; //特长
char school[31]; //学校
};
main(){
//结构体变量的初始化
struct student st1={1001,"Liming",'0',1983,10,25,573,"Computer","3th High School"
};
printf("%4d %-10s %c %4d %2d %2d %.2f %-10s %s\n",
st1.number,st1.name,st1.sex,
st1.birthday.year,st1.birthday.month,st1.birthday.day,
st1.score,st1.speciality,st1.school
);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体变量的引用
struct student st2;
st2.number=1002;
strcpy(st2.name,"Zhangsan");
str2.sex='f';
str2.birthday.year=1919;
str2.birthday.month=10;
str2.birthday.day=1;
str2.score=666;
str2.speciality="Car";
str2.school="1th High School";
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体数组
int i;
struct student st[2]={
{
"11","Liming",'0',1983,10,25,573,"Computer","3th High School"
},
{
"12","WangLi",'1',1984,2,16,590,"Physics","Remin Middle School"
}
};
for(i=0;i<2;i++) printf("\n%4s %-10s %c %4d %2d %2d %.2f %-10s %s\n",
st[i].number,st[i].name,st[i].sex,
st[i].birthday.year,st[i].birthday.month,st[i].birthday.day,
st[i].score,st[i].speciality,st[i].school
);
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体数组初始化
struct student{
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float score;
}stu[3]={
{11,"Liang tao",'t',80},
{13,"Zhao jun",'t',97.5},
{14,"Hai kang",'f',58}
};
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体指针
struct student{ //结构体student
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float score;
};
struct student stuone; //结构体变量stuone
struct student *p; //结构体指针 *p
p=&stuone; //结构体指针指向结构体变量
stuone.num=10871; //结构体变量初始化
strcpy(stuone.name,"Mary");
stuone.sex='F';
stuone.score=98.0;
//直接输出结构体变量的值
printf("num:%d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%.2f\n",
stuone.num,stuone.name,stuone.sex,stuone.score
);
//通过结构体指针输出结构体变量的值方法1
printf("num:%d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%.2f\n",
(*p).num,(*p).name,(*p).sex,(*p).score
);
//通过结构体指针输出结构体变量的值方法2
printf("num:%d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%.2f\n",
p->num,p->name,p->sex,p->score
);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体变量指针作为参数
struct student{
int num;
char name[20];
int score[3];
}stu={10020,"Mary",89,98,79}; //结构体变量stu，初始化结构体变量
void print(struct student *p){ //print()函数,传入结构体变量的指针
printf("%d %s %d %d %d",p->num,p->name,p->score[0],p->score[1],p->score[2]);//输出指针所指信息
printf("\n");
}
main(){
print(&stu); //调用print()函数
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体型的函数
struct person{
int num;
char name[20];
char telephone[12];
char email[40];
char addr[30];
}con_person[3]={ //结构体数组
{9,"Zhangli","13817890789","zhangli@263.net","Shanghai"},
{6,"Jack","01089789091","jack09@sin.com","Beijing"},
{12,"Qiuzhi","13762457986","qiuzhi@sohu.com","Hangzhou"}
};
struct person find(int n){ //结构体函数find()
int i;
for(i=0;con_person[i].num!=0;i++){
if(con_person[i].num==n)
return(con_person[i]);
}
}
main(){
int number;
struct person result; //结构体变量
printf("Enter the number:");
scanf("%d",&number); //输入编号
result=find(number); //调用结构体函数find()
if(result.num!=0){
printf("Name:%s\n",result.name);
printf("Telephone:%s\n",result.telephone);
printf("Email:%s\n",result.email);
printf("Address:%s\n",result.addr);
}else{
printf("Not foutd!\n");
}
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//结构体指针函数
struct person *find(int n){ //结构体指针型函数find()
int i;
for(i=0;con_person[i].num!=0;i++){
if(con_person[i].num==n)
return(&con_person[i]);
}
}
main(){
int number;
struct person *result; //结构体指针型变量
printf("Enter the number:");
scanf("%d",&number); //输入编号
result=find(number); //调用结构体指针型函数*find()
if(result->num!=0){
printf("Name:%s\n",result->name);
printf("Telephone:%s\n",result->telephone);
printf("Email:%s\n",result->email);
printf("Address:%s\n",result->addr);
}else{
printf("Not found!\n");
}
}