Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS上安装Qt 5.15.16源码

在Ubuntu 上安装QT源码，需要遵循一系列步骤来确保编译和安装过程顺利进行。一下是一个详细的指南：

一.准备工作

1.系统更新：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2.安装依赖：

安装编译Qt所需的依赖项。这些依赖项包括编译器，构建工具，库文件等。

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y build-essential perl python git \
    flex bison gperf ruby \
    libgl1-mesa-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev \
    libxi-dev libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev libxtst-dev \
    libcups2-dev libssl-dev libnsl-dev libfontconfig1-dev \
    libdbus-1-3-dev libpulse-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev \
    libegl1-mesa-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libgcc-multilib-x32 \
    g++-multilib-x32 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev \
    libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev \
    libxcb-util0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync0-dev \
    libxcb-present0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev \
    libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxcb-xtest0-dev \
    libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-composite0-dev libxcb-damage0-dev \
    libxcb-dpms0-dev libdrm-dev libgbm-dev libxcursor-dev \
    libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxrandr-x11-dev \
    libfontenc1-dev libcap-dev libxt-dev libasound2-dev \
    libicu-dev libxslt-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libnss3-dev \
    libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpulse-dev libegl1-mesa-dev \
    libxcb-util-wm0-dev libxcb-util-image0-dev libxcb-util-keysyms0-dev \
    libxcb-util-res0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev \
    libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxcb-xtest0-dev \
    libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-composite0-dev libxcb-damage0-dev \
    libxcb-dpms0-dev libxcb-xevie0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev \
    libxcb-xinput0-dev libxcb-xpresent0-dev libxcb-xkbcommon0-dev \
    libxcb-sync1-dev libxcb-xinput-multi-dev libxcb-xinput-slave-dev \
    libxcb-xinput-raw-dev libxcb-xinput-shape-dev libxcb-xinput-tablet-dev \
    libxcb-xinput-touch-dev libxcb-xinput-xtest-dev libxcb-glx0-dev \
    libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-xinput0-dev libxcb-xinput-multi-dev \
    libxcb-xinput-slave-dev libxcb-xinput-raw-dev libxcb-xinput-shape-dev \
    libxcb-xinput-tablet-dev libxcb-xinput-touch-dev \
    libxcb-xinput-xtest-dev libxcb-xinput-xkb-dev \

sudo apt-get install build-essential perl python3 git python3-pip python2.7 python2.7-dev
sudo apt-get install bison gperf ruby flex libicu-dev libxslt-dev
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libegl1-mesa-dev
sudo apt-get install '^libxcb.*-dev' libx11-xcb-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev
sudo apt-get install libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxrandr-dev libxtst-dev libxss-dev
sudo apt-get install libdbus-1-dev libevent-dev libfontconfig1-dev libcap-dev libpulse-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev
sudo apt-get install libnss3-dev libasound2-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install nodejs gperf bison

3.下载Qt源码：

二.配置和构建QT

1.在Qt源码根目录下创建一个build的构建目录：

qt5替换成下载版本

mkdir ~/qt5/build
cd ~/qt5/build

2.运行配置脚本：

使用qt的confffigure脚本来配置构建选项。以下是一个示例命令，它配置了一个开发者构建，开源许可证，并且不构建示例和测试：

qt5替换成下载版本

../qt5/configure -prefix /usr/local/qt5 -developer-build -opensource -nomake examples -nomake tests

This is the Qt Open Source Edition.
 
You are licensed to use this software under the terms of
the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 3
or the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2.
 
Type 'L' to view the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 (LGPLv3).
Type 'G' to view the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2).
Type 'y' to accept this license offer.
Type 'n' to decline this license offer.
 
Do you accept the terms of either license?

完成之后根据提示开源许可，选择y同意

3.构建QT：

使用make命令来构建QT，这个过程需要漫长的时间执行，具体取决于系统性能和选择的构建选项。可以使用-j选项来指定并行构建的作业数，以加快构建速度。系统有多个CPU核心。

make -j$(nproc)

也可以指定一个固定的作业数，make -j4.

三.安装QT

构建完成，使用make install命令来安装QT,这个命令是将QT安装到系统默认位置。如果希望安装到自定义位置，可以在配置步骤中指定-prefix选项。

sudo make install

运行报错：Qt Creator 在启动时无法加载所需的 Qt 平台插件 “xcb”，通常这个报错原因为缺少相关依赖库导致
在安装目录打开终端依次输入以下命令：

sudo apt install build-essential

sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev

sudo apt install libxcb-xinerama0 make g++ libgl-dev

配置qt环境

nano ~/.bashrc

export QTDIR=/usr/local/qt5/
export PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

source ~/.bashrc