5个有趣的Python实战项目（帮你快速掌握python语法）

Python可以玩的方向有很多，比如爬虫、预测分析、GUI、自动化、图像处理、可视化等等，可能只需要十几行代码就能实现酷炫的功能。

因为Python是动态脚本语言，所以代码逻辑比Java要简要很多，实现同样的功能少写很多代码。而且Python生态有众多的第三方工具库，把功能都封装在包里，只需要你调用接口，就能使用复杂的功能。

下面举几个简单好玩的脚本例子，初学者可以照着代码写写，能快速掌握python语法。

1、使用PIL、Matplotlib、Numpy对模糊老照片进行修复

# encoding=utf-8  
import numpy as np   
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   
from PIL import Image  
import os.path   
# 读取图片  
img_path = "E:\\test.jpg"   
img = Image.open(img_path)      
# 图像转化为numpy数组   
img = np.asarray(img)   
flat = img.flatten()     
# 创建函数   
def get_histogram(image, bins):       
# array with size of bins, set to zeros       
histogram = np.zeros(bins)       
# loop through pixels and sum up counts of pixels       
for pixel in image:           
histogram[pixel] += 1       
# return our final result       
return histogram      
# execute our histogram function   
hist = get_histogram(flat, 256)      
# execute the fn   
cs = np.cumsum(hist)      
# numerator & denomenator   
nj = (cs - cs.min()) * 255   N = cs.max() - cs.min()     
 # re-normalize the cumsum   
 cs = nj / N      
 # cast it back to uint8 since we can't use floating point values in images   
 cs = cs.astype('uint8')      
 # get the value from cumulative sum for every index in flat, and set that as img_new   
 img_new = cs[flat]      
 # put array back into original shape since we flattened it   
 img_new = np.reshape(img_new, img.shape)      
 # set up side-by-side image display   
 fig = plt.figure()   
 fig.set_figheight(15)   
 fig.set_figwidth(15)      
 # display the real image   
 fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1)   
 plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')   
 plt.title("Image 'Before' Contrast Adjustment")      
 # display the new image   
 fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2)   
 plt.imshow(img_new, cmap='gray')   
 plt.title("Image 'After' Contrast Adjustment")  
 filename = os.path.basename(img_path)      
 # plt.savefig("E:\\" + filename)   
 plt.show()   

2、将文件批量压缩，使用zipfile库

import os   import zipfile   from random import randrange         def zip_dir(path, zip_handler):       for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):           for file in files:               zip_handler.write(os.path.join(root, file))         if __name__ == '__main__':       to_zip = input("""   Enter the name of the folder you want to zip   (N.B.: The folder name should not contain blank spaces)   >   """)       to_zip = to_zip.strip() + "/"       zip_file_name = f'zip{randrange(0,10000)}.zip'       zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)       zip_dir(to_zip, zip_file)       zip_file.close()       print(f'File Saved as {zip_file_name}')   

3、使用tkinter制作计算器GUI

tkinter是python自带的GUI库，适合初学者练手创建小软件

import tkinter as tk    
  
root = tk.Tk()  # Main box window   
root.title("Standard Calculator")  # Title shown at the title bar   
root.resizable(0, 0)  # disabling the resizeing of the window      

# Creating an entry field:   
e = tk.Entry(root,                
   width=35,                
   bg='#f0ffff',                
   fg='black',                
   borderwidth=5,                
   justify='right',                
   font='Calibri 15')   
e.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=12)         
def buttonClick(num):  
   # function for clicking       
   temp = e.get(       
   )# temporary varibale to store the current input in the screen       
   e.delete(0, tk.END)  # clearing the screen from index 0 to END       
   e.insert(0, temp + num)  
# inserting the incoming number input         
def buttonClear():  # function for clearing       
   e.delete(0, tk.END)      
# 代码过长，部分略   

4、PDF转换为Word文件

使用pdf2docx库，可以将PDF文件转为Word格式

from pdf2docx 
import Converter   
import os    
import sys     
 
# Take PDF's path as input    
pdf = input("Enter the path to your file: ")   
assert os.path.exists(pdf), "File not found at, "+str(pdf)   
f = open(pdf,'r+')      
#Ask for custom name for the word doc   
doc_name_choice = input("Do you want to give a custom name to your file ?(Y/N)")      

if(doc_name_choice == 'Y' or doc_name_choice == 'y'):       
   # User input       
   doc_name = input("Enter the custom name : ")+".docx"          
else:       
   # Use the same name as pdf       
   # Get the file name from the path provided by the user       
   pdf_name = os.path.basename(pdf)       
   # Get the name without the extension .pdf       
   doc_name =  os.path.splitext(pdf_name)[0] + ".docx"             
# Convert PDF to Word   
cv = Converter(pdf)      
#Path to the directory   
path = os.path.dirname(pdf)      
cv.convert(os.path.join(path, "", doc_name) , start=0, end=None)   
print("Word doc created!")   cv.close()   

5、Python自动发送邮件

使用smtplib和email库可以实现脚本发送邮件

import smtplib
import email
# 负责构造文本 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText   
# 负责构造图片   
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage   
# 负责将多个对象集合起来   
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart   
from email.header import Header      
# SMTP服务器,这里使用163邮箱   
mail_host = "smtp.163.com"   
# 发件人邮箱   
mail_sender = "******@163.com"   
# 邮箱授权码,注意这里不是邮箱密码,如何获取邮箱授权码,请看本文最后教程   
mail_license = "********"   
# 收件人邮箱，可以为多个收件人   
mail_receivers = ["******@qq.com","******@outlook.com"]      
mm = MIMEMultipart('related')      
# 邮件主题   subject_content = """Python邮件测试"""   
# 设置发送者,注意严格遵守格式,里面邮箱为发件人邮箱   
mm["From"] = "sender_name<******@163.com>"   
# 设置接受者,注意严格遵守格式,里面邮箱为接受者邮箱   
mm["To"] = "receiver_1_name<******@qq.com>,receiver_2_name<******@outlook.com>"   
# 设置邮件主题   
mm["Subject"] = Header(subject_content,'utf-8')      
# 邮件正文内容   
body_content = """你好，这是一个测试邮件！"""   
# 构造文本,参数1：正文内容，参数2：文本格式，参数3：编码方式   
message_text = MIMEText(body_content,"plain","utf-8")   
# 向MIMEMultipart对象中添加文本对象   
mm.attach(message_text)      
# 二进制读取图片   
image_data = open('a.jpg','rb')   
# 设置读取获取的二进制数据   
message_image = MIMEImage(image_data.read())   
# 关闭刚才打开的文件   
image_data.close()   
# 添加图片文件到邮件信息当中去   
mm.attach(message_image)      
# 构造附件   
atta = MIMEText(open('sample.xlsx', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')   
# 设置附件信息   
atta["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="sample.xlsx"'   
# 添加附件到邮件信息当中去   
mm.attach(atta)      
# 创建SMTP对象   
stp = smtplib.SMTP()   
# 设置发件人邮箱的域名和端口，端口地址为25   
stp.connect(mail_host, 25)     
# set_debuglevel(1)可以打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息   
stp.set_debuglevel(1)   
# 登录邮箱，传递参数1：邮箱地址，参数2：邮箱授权码   
stp.login(mail_sender,mail_license)   
# 发送邮件，传递参数1：发件人邮箱地址，参数2：收件人邮箱地址，参数3：把邮件内容格式改为str   
stp.sendmail(mail_sender, mail_receivers, mm.as_string())   
print("邮件发送成功")   
# 关闭SMTP对象   
stp.quit()