PAT A 1076 Forwards on Weibo题解

本文档展示了如何使用C++编写广度优先搜索(BFS)算法,用于在给定深度限制下查找节点数量,适用于图论和网络分析。代码实例详细解释了层次遍历的过程和应用。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAXV=1010;
struct Node{
    int id;
    int layer;
};
vector<Node>Adj[MAXV];
bool inq[MAXV]={false};
int  BFS(int s,int L){
    int numForward=0;
    queue<Node>q;
    Node start;
    start.id=s;
    start.layer=0;
    q.push(start);
    inq[start.id]=true;
    while(!q.empty()){
        Node topNode=q.front();
        q.pop();
        int u=topNode.id;
        for(int i=0;i<Adj[u].size();i++){
            Node next=Adj[u][i];
            next.layer=topNode.layer+1;
            if(inq[next.id]==false&&next.layer<=L){
                q.push(next);
                inq[next.id]=true;
                numForward++;
            }
        }
    }
    return numForward;
}
int main(){
    Node user;
    int n,L,numFollow,idFollow;
    scanf_s("%d%d",&n,&L);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        user.id=i;
        scanf_s("%d",&numFollow);
        for(int j=0;j<numFollow;j++){
            scanf_s("%d",&idFollow);
            Adj[idFollow].push_back(user);
        }
    }
    int numQuery,s;
    scanf_s("%d",&numQuery);
    for(int i=0;i<numQuery;i++){
        memset(inq,false,sizeof(inq));
        scanf_s("%d",&s);
        int numForward=BFS(s,L);
        printf("%d\n",numForward);
    }
    return 0;
}

 

### Max-Forwards HTTP Header Purpose and Usage The `Max-Forwards` header field in HTTP requests is used to limit the number of times a request can be forwarded through proxies or gateways before reaching its destination server. Each time a proxy forwards the request, it decrements this value by one. When the value reaches zero, the recipient should not forward the message but handle it directly or respond with an appropriate status code indicating that forwarding has been exhausted. This mechanism helps prevent infinite loops when multiple intermediary servers are involved in processing a single request. It also provides insight into how many intermediaries have processed the request so far[^1]. #### Example Usage Scenario Consider a scenario where client A sends a TRACE method request intended ultimately for origin server Z via several intermediate proxies B, C, D: ```http TRACE /path/to/resource HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com Max-Forwards: 2 ``` In this case: - Proxy B receives the request first and sees `Max-Forwards: 2`. After handling, B reduces the count to 1. - Next, proxy C gets the modified request (`Max-Forwards: 1`) from B and again decreases the counter to 0 after processing. - Finally, since D now sees `Max-Forwards: 0`, D does not pass along the request further down the chain but responds back up toward the original sender instead. Such behavior ensures efficient routing while avoiding potential issues arising out of endless redirection chains among network nodes. --related questions-- 1. What happens if Max-Forwards exceeds initial setting during transmission? 2. Can all types of HTTP methods utilize the Max-Forwards directive effectively? 3. How do different web browsers interpret varying values provided within Max-Forwards headers? 4. Are there any security implications associated with manipulating Max-Forwards settings?
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