Redis Cluster集群配置与管理

本文介绍了Redis Cluster的原理和特点,包括数据分片、槽的概念。详细讲述了如何在两台机器上创建和管理Redis Cluster,包括配置文件、启动服务、构建集群、添加和删除节点的操作步骤。此外,还提到了数据一致性以及导入外部数据到集群的方法。

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Redis Cluster介绍

Redis Cluster集群是redis集群的一种方式,由官方提供,由多个节点组成的分布式网络集群,每个节点可以是主,也可以是从,但每个主节点都需要有对应的从节点,保证高可用,主节点提供数据读写,不支持同时处理多个键(如mset/mget命令),因为redis需要把键均匀分布在各个节点上,并发量很高的情况下同时创建键值会降低性能并导致不可预测的行为。支持在线增加、删除节点,客户端可以连任何一个主节点进行读写。

Redis Cluster采用了分布式系统的分片(分区)的思路,每个主节点为一个分片,这样也就意味着 存储的数据是分散在所有分片中的。当增加节点或删除主节点时,原存储在某个主节点中的数据 会自动再次分配到其他主节点。

在这里插入图片描述
如图,各节点间是相互通信的,通信端口为各节点Redis服务端口+10000,这个端口是固定的,所以注意防火墙设置, 节点之间通过二进制协议通信,这样的目的是减少带宽消耗。

在Redis Cluster中有一个概念slot,我们翻译为槽。Slot数量是固定的,为16384个。这些slot会均匀地分布到各个节点上,另外Redis的键和值会根据hash算法存储在对应的slot中。简单讲,对于一个键值对,存的时候在哪里是通过 hash算法算出来的,那么取得时候也会算一下,知道值在哪个slot上。根据slot编号再到对应的节点上去取。

Redis Cluster无法保证数据的强一致性,这是因为当数据存储时,只要在主节点上存好了,就会告诉客户端存好了, 如果等所有从节点上都同步完再跟客户端确认,那么会有很大的延迟,这个对于客户端来讲是无法容忍的。所以,最终Redis Cluster只好放弃了数据强一致性,而把性能放在了首位。

创建集群

由于机器有限,使用两台机器实现redis cluster集群,每台机器需要启动3个redis服务

机器A(192.168.234.128)的3个redis服务的端口:7000 7001 7002
机器B(192.168.234.130)的3个redis服务的端口:7003 7004 7005

在两台机器上编译安装redis后,每台机器复制并编辑3个配置文件redis.conf,设置不同的端口号,数据目录,cluster相关参数后,分别启动6个redis服务

在A机器(192.168.234.128)操作:

创建7000端口配置文件:

[root@linux ~]# vim /etc/redis_7000.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7000
bind 192.168.234.128
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7000.pid
dir /data/redis/7000
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7000.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

创建7001端口配置文件:

[root@linux ~]# vim /etc/redis_7001.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7001
bind 192.168.234.128
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7001.pid
dir /data/redis/7001
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7001.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

创建7002端口配置文件:

[root@linux ~]# vim /etc/redis_7002.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7002
bind 192.168.234.128
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7002.pid
dir /data/redis/7002
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7002.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

在B机器(192.168.234.130)操作:

创建7003端口配置文件:

[root@linux02 ~]# vim /etc/redis_7003.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7003
bind 192.168.234.130
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7003.pid
dir /data/redis/7003
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7003.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

创建7004端口配置文件:

[root@linux02 ~]# vim /etc/redis_7004.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7004
bind 192.168.234.130
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7004.pid
dir /data/redis/7004
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7004.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

创建7005端口配置文件:

[root@linux02 ~]# vim /etc/redis_7005.conf

配置文件内容:

port 7005
bind 192.168.234.130
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7005.pid
dir /data/redis/7005
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7005.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

在A机器创建dir目录:

[root@linux ~]# mkdir /data/redis
[root@linux ~]# mkdir /data/redis/{7000,7001,7002}

在B机器创建dir目录:

[root@linux02 ~]# mkdir /data/redis
[root@linux02 ~]# mkdir /data/redis/{7003,7004,7005}

在A机器启动redis:

[root@linux ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7000.conf 
[root@linux ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7001.conf 
[root@linux ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7002.conf 
[root@linux ~]# ps aux|grep redis
root      8169  0.1  0.2 153900  2932 ?        Ssl  15:17   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.128:7000 [cluster]
root      8174  0.1  0.2 153900  2924 ?        Ssl  15:17   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.128:7001 [cluster]
root      8180  0.1  0.2 153900  2928 ?        Ssl  15:17   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.128:7002 [cluster]

在B机器启动redis:

[root@linux02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7003.conf
[root@linux02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7004.conf
[root@linux02 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis_7005.conf
[root@linux02 ~]# ps aux|grep redis
root     12318  0.1  0.2 144540  2464 ?        Ssl  15:23   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.130:7003 [cluster]
root     12323  0.1  0.2 144540  2460 ?        Ssl  15:23   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.130:7004 [cluster]
root     12328  0.0  0.2 144540  2460 ?        Ssl  15:23   0:00 redis-server 192.168.234.130:7005 [cluster]

构建集群:

[root@linux ~]# redis-cli --cluster create 192.168.234.128:7000 192.168.234.128:7001 192.168.234.128:7002 192.168.234.130:7003 192.168.234.130:7004 192.168.234.130:7005 --cluster-replicas 1
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.234.130:7005 to 192.168.234.128:7000
Adding replica 192.168.234.128:7002 to 192.168.234.130:7003
Adding replica 192.168.234.130:7004 to 192.168.234.128:7001
M: ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7 192.168.234.128:7000
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da 192.168.234.128:7001
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 651769bf76d89027ebad794b81338521e4a66558 192.168.234.128:7002
   replicates 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d
M: 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d 192.168.234.130:7003
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
S: ca4d398cf758e903eeec5916839813d0ae220cc3 192.168.234.130:7004
   replicates e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da
S: 189caae16aa05c8483d39af9b9ccb1734849eaf6 192.168.234.130:7005
   replicates ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.234.128:7000)
M: ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7 192.168.234.128:7000
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
M: e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da 192.168.234.128:7001
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: ca4d398cf758e903eeec5916839813d0ae220cc3 192.168.234.130:7004
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da
S: 189caae16aa05c8483d39af9b9ccb1734849eaf6 192.168.234.130:7005
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7
S: 651769bf76d89027ebad794b81338521e4a66558 192.168.234.128:7002
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d
M: 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d 192.168.234.130:7003
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

#- -cluster-replicas 1 表示每个主对应一个从(改为2,每个主对应2个从),3台主平均分配了18363个槽点。当主节点挂掉后,从节点会自动变为主,主节点的槽点也会变为从节点的,当主恢复后,会变为从

192.168.234.130:7005 为 192.168.234.128:7000 的从节点
192.168.234.128:7002 为 192.168.234.130:7003 的从节点
192.168.234.130:7004 为 192.168.234.128:7001 的从节点

管理集群

连接集群中的redis:

[root@linux ~]# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.234.130 -p 7004
192.168.234.130:7004> 

#-h指定ip,-p指定redis对应的端口即可

创建键值对:

192.168.234.130:7004> set key 1
-> Redirected to slot [12539] located at 192.168.234.128:7001
OK
192.168.234.128:7001> set key2 1
-> Redirected to slot [4998] located at 192.168.234.128:7000
OK
192.168.234.128:7000> set key3 1
OK
192.168.234.128:7000> keys *
1) "key3"
2) "key2"
192.168.234.128:7000> 

#连接的是130:7004从,创建的键值对被存储到了128:7001主上,在128:7001上创建键值对被存储到了128:7000上,在创建键值对的过程中,redis集群会把不同的键值对分配到不同的slot中

查看集群情况: redis-cli --cluster check 跟任意一个节点的ip:port

[root@linux ~]# redis-cli  --cluster check 192.168.234.128:7000
192.168.234.128:7000 (ba42b28c...) -> 2 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
192.168.234.128:7001 (e1d33357...) -> 1 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
192.168.234.130:7003 (91f98e00...) -> 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves.
[OK] 3 keys in 3 masters.
0.00 keys per slot on average.
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.234.128:7000)
M: ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7 192.168.234.128:7000
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
M: e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da 192.168.234.128:7001
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: ca4d398cf758e903eeec5916839813d0ae220cc3 192.168.234.130:7004
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates e1d33357114913bcf068ea63a9885aaa857312da
S: 189caae16aa05c8483d39af9b9ccb1734849eaf6 192.168.234.130:7005
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates ba42b28cdb6eac91cef0b5550386be27a93075d7
S: 651769bf76d89027ebad794b81338521e4a66558 192.168.234.128:7002
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d
M: 91f98e0070ca065fc58a97d8b62e4167bb9a1e4d 192.168.234.130:7003
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

添加节点:(假设新增节点为1.1.1.1:6379)

redis-cli --cluster add-node 1.1.1.1:6379 192.168.234.128:7000
#定义要添加的节点ip:port以及任意一个集群中的节点,这种方式添加的节点是主节点
redis-cli --cluster add-node 1.1.1.1:6379 192.168.234.128:7000 --cluster-slave
#这样方式添加的节点为从节点
redis-cli --cluster add-node 1.1.1.1:6379 192.168.234.128:7000 --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id xxxxxx
#这种方式添加的节点为从节点,并通过nodeid指定主节点

给添加的节点分配slots:

redis-cli --cluster reshard 192.168.234.128:7000 #ip:port可以是任意节点的
How many slots do you want to move (from 1 to 16384)? #定义要分配多少slots
What is the receiving node ID? #定义接收slot的nodeid
Source node #1: #定义第一个源master的id,如果想在所有master上拿slot,直接敲all
Source node #2: #定义第二个源master的id,如果不再继续有新的源,直接敲done

平均分配各节点的slots数量:

redis-cli --cluster rebalance --cluster-threshold 1 192.168.234.128:7000
#可以是任意节点的ip:port

删除某个节点:

redis-cli --cluster del-node 192.168.234.7000 nodeid
#可以是任意节点的ip:port,指定要删除的节点nodeid即可,删除节点之前,需要先通过redis-cli --cluster reshard命令移走所有slots到其他的主节点上,否则会报错,删除完后需要在集群中执行cluster forget nodeid来忘记节点

将集群外部redis实例中的数据导入到集群中去:

redis-cli --cluster import 192.168.234.128:7000 --cluster-from 192.168.1.10:6379 --cluster-copy
#cluster-from后面跟外部redis的ip和port,如果只使用cluster-copy,则要导入集群中的key不能在, 假如集群中已有同样的key,如果需要替换,可以cluster-copy和cluster-replace联用,这样集群中的key就会被替换为外部的

redis-cluster-tool 是一个非常便利的 Redis 集群管理工具。help        Usage: redis-cluster-tool [-?hVds] [-v verbosity level] [-o output file]                  [-c conf file] [-a addr] [-i interval]                  [-p pid file] [-C command] [-r redis role]                  [-t thread number] [-b buffer size]    Options:      -h, --help             : this help      -V, --version          : show version and exit      -d, --daemonize        : run as a daemon      -s, --simple           : show the output not in detail      -v, --verbosity=N      : set logging level (default: 5, min: 0, max: 11)      -o, --output=S         : set logging file (default: stderr)      -c, --conf-file=S      : set configuration file (default: conf/rct.yml)      -a, --addr=S           : set redis cluster address (default: 127.0.0.1:6379)      -i, --interval=N       : set interval in msec (default: 1000 msec)      -p, --pid-file=S       : set pid file (default: off)      -C, --command=S        : set command to execute (default: cluster_state)      -r, --role=S           : set the role of the nodes that command to execute on (default: all, you can input: all, master or slave)      -t, --thread=N         : set how many threads to run the job(default: 8)      -b, --buffer=S         : set buffer size to run the job (default: 1048576 byte, unit:G/M/K)        Commands:        cluster_state                 :Show the cluster state.        cluster_used_memory           :Show the cluster used memory.        cluster_keys_num              :Show the cluster holds keys num.        slots_state                   :Show the slots state.        node_slot_num                 :Show the node hold slots number.        new_nodes_name                :Show the new nodes name that not covered slots.        cluster_rebalance             :Show the cluster how to rebalance.        flushall                      :Flush all the cluster.        cluster_config_get            :Get config from every node in the cluster and check consistency.        cluster_config_set            :Set config to every node in the cluster.        cluster_config_rewrite        :Rewrite every node config to echo node for the cluster.        node_list                     :List the nodes            del_keys                      :Delete keys in the cluster. The keys must match a given glob-style pattern.(This command not block the redis)ExampleGet the cluster state:        $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C cluster_state -r master    master[127.0.0.1:34504] cluster_state is ok     master[127.0.0.1:34501] cluster_state is ok     master[127.0.0.1:34502] cluster_state is ok     master[127.0.0.1:34503] cluster_state is ok     all nodes cluster_state is ok    Get the cluster used memory:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C cluster_used_memory -r master    master[127.0.0.1:34504] used 195 M 25%    master[127.0.0.1:34501] used 195 M 25%    master[127.0.0.1:34502] used 195 M 25%    master[127.0.0.1:34503] used 195 M 25%    cluster used 780 MRebalance the cluster slots:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C cluster_rebalance    --from e1a4ba9922555bfc961f987213e3d4e6659c9316 --to 785862477453bc6b91765ffba0b5bc803052d70a --slots 2048    --from 437c719f50dc9d0745032f3b280ce7ecc40792ac --to cb8299390ce53cefb2352db34976dd768708bf64 --slots 2048    --from a497fc619d4f6c93bd4afb85f3f8a148a3f35adb --to a0cf6c1f12d295cd80f5811afab713cdc858ea30 --slots 2048    --from 0bdef694d08cb3daab9aac518d3ad6f8035ec896 --to 471eaf98ff43ba9a0aadd9579f5af1609239c5b7 --slots 2048Then you can use "redis-trib.rb reshard --yes --from e1a4ba9922555bfc961f987213e3d4e6659c9316 --to 785862477453bc6b91765ffba0b5bc803052d70a --slots 2048 127.0.0.1:34501" to rebalance the cluster slots     Flushall the cluster:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C flushall -s    Do you really want to execute the "flushall"?    please input "yes" or "no" :        yes    OKGet a config from every node in cluster:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C "cluster_config_get maxmemory" -r master    master[127.0.0.1:34501] config maxmemory is 1048576000 (1000MB)    master[127.0.0.1:34502] config maxmemory is 1048576000 (1000MB)    master[127.0.0.1:34503] config maxmemory is 1048576000 (1000MB)    master[127.0.0.1:34504] config maxmemory is 1048576000 (1000MB)    All nodes config are Consistent    cluster total maxmemory: 4194304000 (4000MB)Set a config from every node in cluster:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C "cluster_config_set maxmemory 10000000" -s    Do you really want to execute the "cluster_config_set"?    please input "yes" or "no" :    yes        OKDelete keys in the cluster:    $redis-cluster-tool -a 127.0.0.1:34501 -C "del_keys abc*"    Do you really want to execute the "del_keys"?    please input "yes" or "no" :    yes    delete keys job is running...    delete keys job finished, deleted: 999999 keys, used: 4 s 标签:redis
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