通过反向代理或负载均衡,可实现阻塞网络的接通和负载均衡(_)
编辑nginx配置文件:vim nginx.conf
1、反向代理
server {
listen 8090;
server_name syslog_server;
location /yz_es_syslog_ipf/ {
proxy_pass http://173.*.*.*:9200;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X_Real-IP $Remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
注意,这里转发请求时保留原来路径,即:
http://132...:8090/yz_es_syslog_ipf/ipf_alarm_v1_/_search?pretty --> http://173...:9200/yz_es_syslog_ipf/ipf_alarm_v1_/_search?pretty
server {
listen 8090;
server_name syslog_server;
location /yz_es_syslog_ipf/ {
proxy_pass http://173.*.*.*:9200/;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X_Real-IP $Remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
注意,这里转发请求时去除原来路径,即:
http://132...:8090/yz_es_syslog_ipf/ipf_alarm_v1_/_search?pretty -->
http://173...:9200/ipf_alarm_v1_/_search?pretty
说明:这里的表述比较简单,关于反向代理的详细阐述,参见本文第四部分的nginx.conf示例
2、负载均衡
upstream gateway {
server 172.*.*.1:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.*.*.2:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.*.*.3:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.*.*.4:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.*.*.5:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
### 虚拟服务
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 504 /50x.html;
error_page 413 /413.html;
error_page 400 /400.html;
error_page 502 /50x.html;
## 读取请求体的时限,连接建立后,nginx接收请求body,超时则返回给客服端408(request time out)
# client_body_timeout 1000;
## 发送响应的时限,服务端向客户端发送数据包,规定时间内客户端没收到,则超时
# send_timeout 1000;
## 保持闲置连接的时限,超过后nginx和客户端(浏览器)都会关闭连接
# keepalive_timeout 1000;
## nginx与【被代理服务】建立连接的时限,即发起握手包seq后等待seq+ack响应的超时时间
proxy_connect_timeout 3;
## nginx读取【被代理服务】的数据的时限,即连接成功后读取后端服务器响应的超时时间
proxy_read_timeout 600;
## nginx发送数据给【被代理服务】的时限
proxy_send_timeout 60;
### 以/gxpt/开头的路径负载均衡到上游gateway(原路径去除gxpt)
location ^~/gxpt/ {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://gateway/;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
### 以/dataway/开头的路径负载均衡到上游gateway(原路径保留dataway)
location /dataway/ {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://gateway/dataway/;
proxy_set_header http_x_forwarded_for $http_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
保存修改后重载配置文件即可:nginx -s reload
3、其他
思考:如何查看当前有效配置 ???即保障新增配置是有效的 ???
nginx -t 会检查配置是否有效 !!!
思考:http协议也需要三次握手 ???三次握手不是tcp连接才有的吗 ???
。。。
4、关于Nginx及其反向代理的详细补充
4.1 nginx 通过配置location块,可以实现请求的反向代理、负载均衡、静态资源加载。location 块可以嵌套在 server 块中,也可以嵌套在其他 location 块中。location 块的基本语法如下:
location [=|^~|~|~*|!~|!~*] /uri 或 pattern {
# 处理指令
}
1.修饰符: =(精确匹配)、^~(前缀匹配)、~(区分大小写的正则表达式匹配)、~*(不区分大小写的正则表达式匹配)、空(前缀匹配)等。
2./uri 或 pattern:用于匹配请求地址的字符串或正则表达式。
1.精确匹配:使用 = 修饰符,当请求URI与指定字符串完全相等时匹配。
location = / {
# 仅处理根路径 / 的请求
}
2.前缀匹配:使用 ^~ 修饰符,当请求URI的前缀与指定字符串相等时匹配。
location ^~ /api {
# 处理 /api 及其子路径的请求
}
### http://localhost:8090/api/getById/3 -> http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/getById/3
location ^~ /api {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car;
}
3.正则匹配:使用 ~ 或 ~* 修饰符,分别表示区分大小写和不区分大小写的正则表达式匹配。
location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
# 处理所有以 .jpg、.png 或 .gif 结尾的请求
}
### http://domain.com/icon.jpg => /data/nginx/static/assets/icon.jpg
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|css|js|ico)$ {
root /data/nginx/static/assets/;
}
4.前缀匹配:不带修饰符,匹配 URI 的前缀【默认的匹配方式】。
location /api {
# 处理 /api 及其子路径的请求
}
### http://localhost:8090/api/getById/3 -> http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/getById/3
location /api {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car;
}
### http://localhost:8090/api/getById/3 -> http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/getById/3
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/;
}
5.通用匹配:不带修饰符,匹配所有的请求URI。
location = / {
# 仅处理根路径 / 的请求
}
6.目录匹配:以斜杠 / 结尾的匹配模式,用于匹配特定的目录。
location /images/ {
# 处理 /images/ 目录下的请求
}
4.2 当有多个 location 块匹配同一个请求时,Nginx 会按照如下优先级确定使用哪个 location 块:
1.检查是否有精确匹配 (=)。
2.检查是否有前缀匹配 (^~)。
3.检查是否有带有正则表达式的匹配 (~ 或 ~*),并使用第一个匹配的规则。
4.使用最长的前缀匹配 (不带修饰符)。
5.使用通用匹配 /
4.3 nginx.conf 配置样例
#user nobody;
#### 开启业务进程数。根据服务器核数来配置,一般1核对应1个进程
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
### 单个业务进程可接受连接数
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
### 引入conf文件夹下的mime.types文件,使浏览器知道识别文件后缀后该如何展示
include mime.types;
### 如果mime类型没匹配上,默认使用二进制流的方式传输。
default_type application/octet-stream;
### 默认的日志格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
### 默认的日志位置
#access_log logs/access.log main;
### 自定义的日志格式
log_format proxy '[$time_local] '
'源地址: $remote_addr '
'源用户: $remote_user '
'源请求: "$request" '
'源cookie: $http_cookie '
'源状态: $status '
'发送字节: $bytes_sent '
#'接收字节: $bytes_received '
'请求耗时: $request_time '
'转发地址: $upstream_addr '
'转发状态: $upstream_status '
'转发耗时: $upstream_response_time';
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
### 配置一个虚拟主机
server {
### 虚拟主机监听的端口
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
### 这里是放置的dist文件夹的地址,浏览器输入:http://localhost:8090/index 会自动打开index.html页面(系统首页)
### dist文件夹下的资源也可被访问,如浏览图片:http://localhost:8090/img/biyilogo.7fe38e11.png
location / {
root D:/workspace-idea/dist;
index index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
### Vue 项目打包后的 dist 目录路径【这个待研究】
# location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|js|ico)$ {
# root D:/workspace-idea/dist;
# expires 30d;
# }
###### 基于^~或默认的前缀匹配时的反向代理,即是简单的前缀替换,示例如下 !!!######
###### http://【localhost:8090/gxpt/api】/getById/3 -> http://【127.0.0.1:8081/car】/getById/3
# location /gxpt/api {
#
# ### 反向代理
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car;
#
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#
# ### 配置反向代理的日志格式和位置
# access_log logs/proxy_access.log proxy;
# }
###### http://【localhost:8090/gxpt/api】/getById/3 -> http://【127.0.0.1:8081/car/】/getById/3
# location /gxpt/api {
#
# ### 反向代理
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/;
#
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#
# # 反向代理的日志格式和位置
# access_log logs/proxy_access.log proxy;
# }
###### http://【localhost:8090/gxpt/api/】getById/3 -> http://【127.0.0.1:8081/car】getById/3
# location /gxpt/api/ {
#
# ### 反向代理
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car;
#
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#
# # 反向代理的日志格式和位置
# access_log logs/proxy_access.log proxy;
# }
###### http://【localhost:8090/gxpt/api/】getById/3 -> http://【127.0.0.1:8081/car/】getById/3
# location ^~ /gxpt/api/ {
#
# ### 反向代理
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/;
#
# proxy_set_header Host $host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#
# # 反向代理的日志位置和格式
# access_log logs/proxy_access.log proxy;
# }
### http://localhost:8090/api/getById/3 -> http://127.0.0.1:8081/car/getById/3
### location ^~ /api {
### proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081/car;
### }
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
### another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
### HTTPS server
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}