11.2.3

11.12

 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> vec;  
 while (std::cin >> str >> i)
        vec.push_back(std::pair<std::string, int>(str, i));

11.13

vec.push_back(std::pair<std::string, int>(str, i));
vec.push_back(std::make_pair(str, i));
vec.push_back({ str, i });  //我认为这个最易于编写和理解
vec.emplace_back(str, i);

11.14

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::map;
using std::pair;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;


using Families = map < string, vector<pair<string, string>>>;

Families make_families()
{
    Families families;
    string in1, in2, in3;
    cout << "姓：" << endl;
    cin >> in1;
    cout << "孩子及生日:" << endl;
    while (cin >> in2 >> in3) {
        families[in1].push_back(pair<string, string>(in2, in3));

    }
    return families;
}

int main() {
    auto mf = make_families();
    for (const auto &a : mf) {
        cout << a.first << ":\n";
        for (const auto &pair : a.second) {
            cout << pair.first << ":" << pair.second << endl;

            }
        }


    return 0;
}