本文代码是在jupyter中实现的,仅为了自我督促学习python之用。
10-11 喜欢的数字:编写一个程序,提示用户输入他喜欢的数字,并使用json.dump() 将这个数字存储到文件中。再编写一个程序,从文件中读取这个值,并打印消息“I know your favorite number! It’s _____.”。
代码:
import json
number = input("What's your favorite number?")
filename = 'number.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
json.dump(number, f_obj) # 'json.dump()'保存数字
with open(filename) as f_obj:
number = json.load(f_obj) # 'json.load()'读取数字
print("I know your favorite number! It’s " + number + ".")
运行结果:
What's your favorite number?8
I know your favorite number! It’s 8.
10-12 记住喜欢的数字:将练习 10-11 中的两个程序合而为一。如果存储了用户喜欢的数字,就向用户显示它,否则提示用户输入他喜欢的数字并将其存储到文件中。运行这个程序两次,看看它是否像预期的那样工作。
第一次,运行环境中不包含‘number.json’文件
代码:
import json
def favorite_number():
"""询问用户最喜欢的数字"""
filename = 'number.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f_obj:
number = json.load(f_obj)
except FileNotFoundError:
number = input("What's your favorite number?")
with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
json.dump(number, f_obj)
print("I know your favorite number! It’s " + number + ".")
else:
print("You don't have to tell me that your favorite number is " + number + ".")
favorite_number()
运行结果:
What's your favorite number?9
I know your favorite number! It’s 9.
第二次,运行环境中已经包含‘number.json’文件
代码:
import json
def favorite_number():
"""询问用户最喜欢的数字"""
filename = 'number.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f_obj:
number = json.load(f_obj)
except FileNotFoundError:
number = input("What's your favorite number?")
with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
json.dump(number, f_obj)
print("I know your favorite number! It’s " + number + ".")
else:
print("You don't have to tell me that your favorite number is " + number + ".")
favorite_number()
运行结果:
You don't have to tell me that your favorite number is 9.
10-13 验证用户:最后一个 remember_me.py版本假设用户要么已输入其用户名,要么是首次运行该程序。我们应修改这个程序,以应对这样的情形:当前和最后一次运行该程序的用户并非同一个人。
为此,在 greet_user() 中打印欢迎用户回来的消息前,先询问他用户名是否是对的。如果不对,就调用 get_new_username() 让用户输入正确的用户名。
代码:
import json
def get_stored_username():
"""如果存储了用户名,就获取它"""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f_obj:
username = json.load(f_obj)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
else:
return username
def get_new_username():
"""提示用户输入用户名"""
username = input("What is your name?")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
json.dump(username, f_obj)
return username
def greet_user():
"""问候用户,并指出其名字"""
username = get_stored_username()
if username:
print("Welcome back, "+ username + "!")
else:
username = get_new_username()
print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")
username = get_stored_username()
anser=input("If your name is " + username +"?(YES/NO)")
if anser == 'YES':
greet_user()
else:
get_new_username()
greet_user()
运行结果:
If your name is Jenny?(YES/NO)NO
What is your name?Tom
Welcome back, Tom!