Linux磁盘分区、格式化与挂载

分区

在虚拟机添加一块硬盘并重启虚拟机后，查看新添加的硬盘：

[root@node07 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x202f2289

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         650     5221093+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             651        1305     5261287+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0a72e143

注：Disk /dev/sdc 为新加硬盘

确认新硬盘已经添加后，进行分区：

[root@node07 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): 

输入n进行分区：(不懂的可以输入m打开帮助)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)

输入p，创建主分区：

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 

输入1，进行第一块分区：

Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 

选择第一分区起始位置：1

First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305):

选择第一分区终止位置：650

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 650

Command (m for help): 

进行第二分区：如不需要继续分区输入w保存

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (651-1305, default 651): 651
Using default value 651
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (651-1305, default 1305): 1350
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

分区结束，进行查看：

[root@node07 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         66ccefae-f0f0-4556-aad8-1ebbc6381d6f   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  h1n2eo-m1oX-fuGp-xEcv-dksv-3bTO-DY934g 
  ├─vg_node07-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         9aa2d8d4-285b-4249-8934-f731af9f209c   /
  └─vg_node07-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         f8a20fab-8e2d-408b-a6ef-2ed21b086c0c   [SWAP]
sdb                                                                        
├─sdb1 ext4                         6938b361-cea2-4a35-9452-c029b79d7c4c   /mnt/disk3
└─sdb2 ext4                         44e9deb6-a704-464a-afe5-d1258bc4e066   /mnt/disk4
sdc                                                                        
├─sdc1                                                                     
└─sdc2                                                                     
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final

可以看到sdc已经成功分区为sdc1、sdc2

格式化

第一块分区格式化：

[root@node07 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
326400 inodes, 1305273 blocks
65263 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1337982976
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第二块分区格式化：

[root@node07 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
329312 inodes, 1315321 blocks
65766 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1350565888
41 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

查看：

[root@node07 disk6]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sdb                                                                        
├─sdb1 ext4                         6938b361-cea2-4a35-9452-c029b79d7c4c   /mnt/disk3
└─sdb2 ext4                         44e9deb6-a704-464a-afe5-d1258bc4e066   /mnt/disk4
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         66ccefae-f0f0-4556-aad8-1ebbc6381d6f   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  h1n2eo-m1oX-fuGp-xEcv-dksv-3bTO-DY934g 
  ├─vg_node07-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         9aa2d8d4-285b-4249-8934-f731af9f209c   /
  └─vg_node07-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         f8a20fab-8e2d-408b-a6ef-2ed21b086c0c   [SWAP]
sdc                                                                        
├─sdc1 ext4                         290c4374-372e-45c9-8556-5d33a9c2f07e   
└─sdc2 ext4                         931326e4-e570-4e79-bde2-9c08f5e9d62e   
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final  

挂载

[root@node07 disk6]# mount /dev/sdc1  /mnt/disk5
[root@node07 disk6]# mount /dev/sdc2  /mnt/disk6

查看：

[root@node07 disk6]# lsblk -f
sdc                                                                        
├─sdc1 ext4                         290c4374-372e-45c9-8556-5d33a9c2f07e   /mnt/disk5
└─sdc2 ext4                         931326e4-e570-4e79-bde2-9c08f5e9d62e   /mnt/disk6
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final

开机自动挂载：修改/etc/fstab文件

UUID=66ccefae-f0f0-4556-aad8-1ebbc6381d6f /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=6938b361-cea2-4a35-9452-c029b79d7c4c /mnt/disk3                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=44e9deb6-a704-464a-afe5-d1258bc4e066 /mnt/disk4                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=290c4374-372e-45c9-8556-5d33a9c2f07e /mnt/disk5                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=931326e4-e570-4e79-bde2-9c08f5e9d62e /mnt/disk6                   ext4    defaults        1 2

挂载完毕输入 mount -a，然后重启虚拟机