第五章 在Spring里使用JDBC

于 2013-05-23 14:34:27 发布
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分类专栏： Spring In Action阅读小记
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Micheal_Scofield/article/details/8963670
本文介绍如何在Spring框架中使用不同的技术进行数据访问，包括配置数据源、使用JdbcTemplate、NamedParameterJdbcTemplate、JdbcDaoSupport及Hibernate进行数据库操作。

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1.配置数据源

	<!-- 配置数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
		<property name="username" value="root"/>
		<property name="password" value="admin"/>
		<property name="initialSize" value="5"/>
		<property name="maxActive" value="10"/>
	</bean>

2.使用JDBC模板JdbcTemplate类

	<!-- 使用JDBC模板(JdbcTemplate) -->
	<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- DAO配置 -->
	<bean id="rantDao" class="com.springinaction.chapter05.dao.impl.JdbcRantDao">
		<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
	</bean>
public class JdbcRantDao implements RantDao {

	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}

	private static final String MOTORIST_INSTERT = "insert into motorist(id,email,password,firstName,lastName) value (null,?,?,?,?)";
	private static final String MOTORIST_SELECT = "select id,email,password,firstName,lastName from motorist";
	private static final String MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT = MOTORIST_SELECT
			+ " where id=?";

	public void saveMotories(Motorist motorist) {// 插入motorist数据
		jdbcTemplate.update(MOTORIST_INSTERT, motorist.getEmail(),
				motorist.getPassword(), motorist.getFirstName(),
				motorist.getLastName());
	}

	public Motorist getMotoristById(int id) {//根据ID获取motorist数据
		List<Motorist> motorists = jdbcTemplate.query(MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT,
				new Object[] { id }, new RowMapper<Motorist>() {
					public Motorist mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
							throws SQLException {

						Motorist motorist = new Motorist();
						motorist.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
						motorist.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
						motorist.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
						motorist.setFirstName(rs.getString("firstName"));
						motorist.setLastName(rs.getString("lastName"));

						return motorist;
					}
				});

		return motorists.size() > 0 ? motorists.get(0) : null;
	}

}

3.使用JDBC模版的NamedParameterJdbcTemplate

特别注意的是NamedParameterJdbcTemplate要使用构造器注入

	<!-- 使用JDBC模板(NamedParameterJdbcTemplate) -->
	<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">
		<constructor-arg ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>
public class NamedParameterRantDao implements RantDao {

	private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	public void setJdbcTemplate(NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}

	private static final String MOTORIST_INSTERT = "insert into motorist(id,email,password,firstName,lastName) value (null,:email,:password,:firstName,:lastName)";
	private static final String MOTORIST_SELECT = "select id,email,password,firstName,lastName from motorist";
	private static final String MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT = MOTORIST_SELECT
			+ " where id=:id";

	public void saveMotories(Motorist motorist) {// 插入motorist数据
		Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		parameters.put("email", motorist.getEmail());
		parameters.put("password", motorist.getPassword());
		parameters.put("firstName", motorist.getFirstName());
		parameters.put("lastName", motorist.getLastName());
		
		jdbcTemplate.update(MOTORIST_INSTERT, parameters);
	}

	public Motorist getMotoristById(int id) {//根据ID获取motorist数据
		Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		parameters.put("id", id);
		
		List<Motorist> motorists = jdbcTemplate.query(MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT,
				parameters, new RowMapper<Motorist>() {
					public Motorist mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
							throws SQLException {

						Motorist motorist = new Motorist();
						motorist.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
						motorist.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
						motorist.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
						motorist.setFirstName(rs.getString("firstName"));
						motorist.setLastName(rs.getString("lastName"));

						return motorist;
					}
				});

		return motorists.size() > 0 ? motorists.get(0) : null;
	}

}

4.使用Spring对JDBC的DAO支持类(以JdbcDaoSupport为例)

public class SupportJdbcRantDao extends JdbcDaoSupport implements RantDao {

	private static final String MOTORIST_INSTERT = "insert into motorist(id,email,password,firstName,lastName) value (null,?,?,?,?)";
	private static final String MOTORIST_SELECT = "select id,email,password,firstName,lastName from motorist";
	private static final String MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT = MOTORIST_SELECT
			+ " where id=?";

	public void saveMotories(Motorist motorist) {// 插入motorist数据
		getJdbcTemplate().update(MOTORIST_INSTERT, motorist.getEmail(),
				motorist.getPassword(), motorist.getFirstName(),
				motorist.getLastName());
	}

	public Motorist getMotoristById(int id) {//根据ID获取motorist数据
		List<Motorist> motorists = getJdbcTemplate().query(MOTORIST_BY_ID_SELECT,
				new Object[] { id }, new RowMapper<Motorist>() {
					public Motorist mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
							throws SQLException {

						Motorist motorist = new Motorist();
						motorist.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
						motorist.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
						motorist.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
						motorist.setFirstName(rs.getString("firstName"));
						motorist.setLastName(rs.getString("lastName"));

						return motorist;
					}
				});

		return motorists.size() > 0 ? motorists.get(0) : null;
	}
}
XML配置中，可以在DAO配置当中直接注入数据源： 

<!-- 配置数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
		<property name="username" value="root"/>
		<property name="password" value="admin"/>
		<property name="initialSize" value="5"/>
		<property name="maxActive" value="10"/>
	</bean>
<!-- DAO配置 -->
        <bean id="rantDao" class="com.springinaction.chapter05.dao.impl.SupportJdbcRantDao">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>
初次之外不需要任何其他配置

5.在Spring里集成Hibernate

	<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
		<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>com/springinaction/chapter05/po/Motorist.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- DAO配置 -->
	<bean id="rantDao" class="com.springinaction.chapter05.dao.impl.HibernateRantDao">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
	</bean>
下面的HibernateRantDao是使用HibernateTemplate实现，HibernateTemplate具有一定的侵入性，会将DAO耦合到Spring API. 

public class HibernateRantDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements RantDao {

	public void saveMotories(Motorist motorist) {
		getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(motorist);
	}
	
	public Motorist getMotoristById(int id) {
		return getHibernateTemplate().get(Motorist.class, id);
	}
}
可以使用Hibernate 3引入的上下文回话管理事务的一个会话，下面为Spring解耦版本的HibernateRantDao 

public class HibernateRantDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements RantDao {

	public void saveMotories(Motorist motorist) {
		getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(motorist);
	}
	
	public Motorist getMotoristById(int id) {
		return (Motorist) getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().get(Motorist.class, id);
	}
}
上面代码虽然是和Spring解耦，但是需要在事务中运行才可以，否则会抛出如下异常： 

org.hibernate.HibernateException: No Hibernate Session bound to thread, and configuration does not allow creation of non-transactional one here
错误原因：
通过定义好的sessionFactory的getCurrentSession()方法获取当前线程中绑定的session，而当前线程绑定的session是通过当前的事务产生的，产生如上的错误是因为没有配置事务。当前线程中没创建session，则出现以上信息。




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