openEuler虚拟机扩容磁盘的方法

需求场景

我们在使用虚拟机时，可能会出现磁盘空间不够用的情况。

首先，我们要扩展虚拟机的可用磁盘空间。如图所示，当前容量已经占用43.3GB，我们扩展到256GB

打开虚拟机发现，也无法直接使虚拟机磁盘空间相应的增加（sda仍然为64G，没有完全使用到我们分配的256G），还需要执行分区指令并且重启机器。

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk  
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS  
sda 8:0 0 256G 0 disk  
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot  
└─sda2 8:2 0 63G 0 part  
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 39.7G 0 lvm /  
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]  
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 19.4G 0 lvm /home  
sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom

不关机扩容的方法，将在下面演示。

扩容流程

扩展分区

分区操作操作不当有可能导致数据丢失，建议操作前保存快照。

对/dev/sda进行分区，执行

fdisk /dev/sda

输入p，打印当前分区表

Command (m for help): p  
  
Disk /dev/sda: 256 GiB, 274877906944 bytes, 536870912 sectors  
Disk model: VMware Virtual S  
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disklabel type: dos  
Disk identifier: 0xa4b00bb9  
  
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type  
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux  
/dev/sda2 2099200 134217727 132118528 63G 8e Linux LVM

删除/dev/sda2分区，输入d，然后输入2

Command (m for help): d  
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2  
  
Partition 2 has been deleted.

删除分区后，重新创建新分区，输入n，然后一路敲回车，询问是否删除签名，选择否

Command (m for help): n  
Partition type  
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)  
e extended (container for logical partitions)  
Select (default p):  
  
Using default response p.  
Partition number (2-4, default 2):  
First sector (2099200-536870911, default 2099200):  
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-536870911, default 536870911):  
  
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 255 GiB.  
Partition #2 contains a LVM2_member signature.  
  
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n  
  
The signature will be removed by a write command.

再次输入p，发现已经完成分区，且扩容到了256G

Command (m for help): p  
Disk /dev/sda: 256 GiB, 274877906944 bytes, 536870912 sectors  
Disk model: VMware Virtual S  
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disklabel type: dos  
Disk identifier: 0xa4b00bb9  
  
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type  
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux  
/dev/sda2 2099200 536870911 534771712 255G 83 Linux  
  
Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 2 will be wiped.

最后输入w，完成写入

Command (m for help): w  
The partition table has been altered.  
Syncing disks.

此时，输入lsblk，发现sda2大小更新了，但是其挂载的目录大小仍然没有更新

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk  
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS  
sda 8:0 0 256G 0 disk  
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot  
└─sda2 8:2 0 255G 0 part  
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 39.7G 0 lvm /  
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]  
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 19.4G 0 lvm /home  
sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom

更新物理卷分区

执行命令pvresize /dev/sda2

[root@localhost ~]# pvresize /dev/sda2  
Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed  
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

随后执行pvdisplay查看pv（物理卷），已经正常扩容

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay  
--- Physical volume ---  
PV Name /dev/sda2  
VG Name openeuler  
PV Size <255.00 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB  
Allocatable yes  
PE Size 4.00 MiB  
Total PE 65279  
Free PE 49152  
Allocated PE 16127  
PV UUID KtV3ym-hIBa-0FK4-zc00-rJyU-EdZP-ekjIJl

随后执行vgdisplay查看vg（逻辑卷组），已经正常扩容

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay  
--- Volume group ---  
VG Name openeuler  
System ID  
Format lvm2  
Metadata Areas 1  
Metadata Sequence No 5  
VG Access read/write  
VG Status resizable  
MAX LV 0  
Cur LV 3  
Open LV 3  
Max PV 0  
Cur PV 1  
Act PV 1  
VG Size <255.00 GiB  
PE Size 4.00 MiB  
Total PE 65279  
Alloc PE / Size 16127 / <63.00 GiB  
Free PE / Size 49152 / 192.00 GiB  
VG UUID x9qfXc-DeIs-RPGa-qnv6-zn2Z-Gn88-xgkrbo

随后执行lvdisplay查看lv（逻辑卷），还没有扩容

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/swap  
LV Name swap  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID WP4Zwq-S24S-nkdQ-r4D1-8bd6-vCk1-njx21g  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:24 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 2  
LV Size <3.93 GiB  
Current LE 1005  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:1  
  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/home  
LV Name home  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID dC5j80-nMm0-fkbI-n9oV-mNOe-Fvja-Sj5Mf3  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:24 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 1  
LV Size <19.38 GiB  
Current LE 4961  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:2  
  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/root  
LV Name root  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID XcZDI5-1X7Y-hDX4-C0dT-zN6w-rUMV-ujqYhi  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:25 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 1  
LV Size 39.69 GiB  
Current LE 10161  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:0

更新lv分区

为/增加空闲的70%的空间

lvextend -l +70%FREE /dev/mapper/openeuler-root

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +70%FREE /dev/mapper/openeuler-root  
Size of logical volume openeuler/root changed from 39.69 GiB (10161 extents) to 174.09 GiB (44568 extents).  
Logical volume openeuler/root successfully resized.

为/home增加剩余的空间

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/openeuler-home

再次查看lv大小，已经完全分配好

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/swap  
LV Name swap  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID WP4Zwq-S24S-nkdQ-r4D1-8bd6-vCk1-njx21g  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:24 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 2  
LV Size <3.93 GiB  
Current LE 1005  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:1  
  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/home  
LV Name home  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID dC5j80-nMm0-fkbI-n9oV-mNOe-Fvja-Sj5Mf3  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:24 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 1  
LV Size <76.98 GiB  
Current LE 19706  
Segments 2  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:2  
  
--- Logical volume ---  
LV Path /dev/openeuler/root  
LV Name root  
VG Name openeuler  
LV UUID XcZDI5-1X7Y-hDX4-C0dT-zN6w-rUMV-ujqYhi  
LV Write Access read/write  
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-11-23 05:57:25 +0800  
LV Status available  
# open 1  
LV Size 174.09 GiB  
Current LE 44568  
Segments 1  
Allocation inherit  
Read ahead sectors auto  
- currently set to 8192  
Block device 253:0

刷新文件系统

最后需要刷新文件系统，执行以下命令

resize2fs /dev/mapper/openeuler-home
resize2fs /dev/mapper/openeuler-root

执行df -h，发现文件系统已更新

[root@localhost tmp]# df -h  
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev  
tmpfs 7.6G 24K 7.6G 1% /dev/shm  
tmpfs 3.1G 9.3M 3.1G 1% /run  
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup  
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root 172G 35G 130G 21% /  
tmpfs 7.6G 8.0K 7.6G 1% /tmp  
/dev/sda1 974M 151M 757M 17% /boot  
/dev/mapper/openeuler-home 76G 60K 73G 1% /home  
overlay 172G 35G 130G 21% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/77aabcbcf9e30d4b352586890e8ac4b060b046e48c620  
0c5e34022581e5f7a4f/merged  
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/26a433dd93a4a4a83e71a10e0111221ba84dc6edae3  
d03e13559cb778be33369/mounts/shm