爬虫简单实例-爬取拼多多商品信息

接口

  • https://youhui.pinduoduo.com/goods/goods-detail?goodsId=商品信息ID

思路

通过遍历商品信息ID来获取商品的信息, 1 ~ 99999999999
然后使用多线程或多进程进行抓取

  • 优点 : 无反爬,实现简单
  • 缺点 : 效率慢,资源损耗大,时间长

效果

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

实现

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Man Li' 

import os
import re
import sys
import time
import json
import random
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError, RequestException
import csv

from lxml import etree


from multiprocessing import Process



defaultencoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != defaultencoding:
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding(defaultencoding)


#USER_AGENTS 随机头信息
USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
]

#构造请求头
HEADER = {
    'User-Agent': random.choice(USER_AGENTS),
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
}

#Get网页,返回内容
def get_html( url_path, payload = '', cookies = '',proxies = ''):
	try:
		s = requests.Session()
		r = s.get(
				url_path,#路径
				headers=HEADER,#请求头
				params=payload,#传参 @payload 字典或者json
				cookies=cookies,#cookies
				verify=True,#SSL验证 @verify False忽略;True开启
				proxies=proxies,#代理
				timeout=30)#@timeout 超时单位 秒
		r.raise_for_status()
		#print r.headers#获取响应头
		#print r.cookies#获取cookies
		return r.text
	except ReadTimeout:
 		print('Timeout')
	except ConnectionError:
		print('Connection error')
	except RequestException:
		print('RequestException')

def get_codimg(html):
    datas = etree.HTML(html)
    #print(datas)
    #//*[@id="__next"]/div/div[2]
    info = datas.xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div[2]//text()')
    #print(info)
    return info

def get_image(html):
    html = str(html)
    reg = r"src=\"(.*?)\""
    reger = re.compile(reg, re.S)
    data = re.findall(reger, html)
    return data

csv_data_file = 'D:/PDD_5_7.csv'

# 爬取商品信息ID在 50000000 ~ 100000000 的商品
n=50000000
while n<100000000:
    get_proxies = {
      "http": random.choice(http_ip),
      "https": random.choice(https_ip),
    }
    test1url = "https://youhui.pinduoduo.com/goods/goods-detail?goodsId="+str(n)
    print("链接: "+test1url)
    print("ID : "+str(n))
    #print(get_proxies)
    html_info = get_html(test1url)
    if "An unexpected error has occurred" in str(html_info) or "NaN" in str(html_info):
        #print("未找到商品信息")
        #print("***************************")
        pass
    else:

        cod_link = test1url
        print("商品链接: "+cod_link)
        #print(get_image(html_info))
        imgs = get_image(html_info)
        
        if imgs == []:
            continue

        cod_imglink = imgs[1]
        print("商品图片: "+cod_imglink)
        '''
        for src_img in imgs:
            print(src_img)
        '''
        cod_info = get_codimg(html_info)
        cod_name = cod_info[0]
        print("商品名称: "+cod_name)
        cod_pjiege = cod_info[4]
        print("商品价格: "+cod_pjiege)
        cod_xiaoliang = cod_info[6]
        print("商品销量: "+cod_xiaoliang)
        cod_shop = cod_info[9]
        print("店铺名称: "+cod_shop)
        #cod_shop = cod_info[10]
        print(cod_info[10]+":"+cod_info[11])
        print(cod_info[12]+":"+cod_info[13])
        print(cod_info[14]+":"+cod_info[15])
        '''
        for cod_data in cod_info:
            print(cod_data)
        '''
        time_data = str(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())))
        input_datas = ["拼多多",cod_name.replace("\'",""),cod_link,cod_imglink,cod_pjiege,cod_xiaoliang,cod_shop.replace("\'",""),cod_info[10],
                        cod_info[11],cod_info[12],cod_info[13],cod_info[14],cod_info[15],time_data]
        #print('D:/py_test/yibiao_Auto/report/xyzg_data/tb_test1.csv')

        #input_datas = [cod_name1,cod_name2]
        with open(csv_data_file, 'a', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            try:
                csv_write = csv.writer(f,dialect='excel')
                csv_write.writerow(input_datas)
            except:
                print("获取内容编码不标准存在问题")
    print("\n")
    n+=1
		
爬虫(Web Crawler)是一种自动化程序,用于从互联网上收集信息。其主要功能是访问网页、提取数据并存储,以便后续分析或展示。爬虫通常由搜索引擎、数据挖掘工具、监测系统等应用于网络数据抓取的场景。 爬虫的工作流程包括以下几个关键步骤: URL收集: 爬虫从一个或多个初始URL开始,递归或迭代地发现新的URL,构建一个URL队列。这些URL可以通过链接分析、站点地图、搜索引擎等方式获取。 请求网页: 爬虫使用HTTP或其他协议向目标URL发起请求,获取网页的HTML内容。这通常通过HTTP请求库实现,如Python中的Requests库。 解析内容: 爬虫对获取的HTML进行解析,提取有用的信息。常用的解析工具有正则表达式、XPath、Beautiful Soup等。这些工具帮助爬虫定位和提取目标数据,如文本、图片、链接等。 数据存储: 爬虫将提取的数据存储到数据库、文件或其他存储介质中,以备后续分析或展示。常用的存储形式包括关系型数据库、NoSQL数据库、JSON文件等。 遵守规则: 为避免对网站造成过大负担或触发反爬虫机制,爬虫需要遵守网站的robots.txt协议,限制访问频率和深度,并模拟人类访问行为,如设置User-Agent。 反爬虫应对: 由于爬虫的存在,一些网站采取了反爬虫措施,如验证码、IP封锁等。爬虫工程师需要设计相应的策略来应对这些挑战。 爬虫在各个领域都有广泛的应用,包括搜索引擎索引、数据挖掘、价格监测、新闻聚合等。然而,使用爬虫需要遵守法律和伦理规范,尊重网站的使用政策,并确保对被访问网站的服务器负责。
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