多线程的异常处理
在线程中如果出现异常想要额外进行一些操作的话,可以使用线程的异常处理机制,UncaughtExceptionHandler,这是线程的一个子接口,当一个未捕获的异常导致线程中断的时候JVM会使用thread.getUncaughtExceptionHandler()来查询线程的uncaughtExceptionHandler并将线程和异常作为参数传递给uncaughtException方法
@FunctionalInterface
public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
// 该方法是由jvm通过调用thread的dispatchUncaughtException方法来执行的
void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
}
如果当前线程没有显示的调用thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler()方法设置处理器时,会默认使用该线程的线程组的uncaughtException()方法,线程组是实现了UncaughtExceptionHandler接口的,线程组是在线程实例化时就进行指定的
public class ThreadGroup implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler
自定义Handler
如何自定义handler并进行使用呢,那当然是要实现UncaughtExceptionHandler接口了,重写uncaughtException()方法即可
class MyExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler{
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println(t.getName()+"抛出异常"+e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
在实例化线程的时候进行指定handler即可
thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new MyExceptionHandler());
代码示例
public class TestExceptionHandler {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestExceptionHandler test = new TestExceptionHandler();
Thread thread = new Thread(test.new MyThread());
thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new MyExceptionHandler());
thread.start();
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int i = 1/0;
}
}
}
class MyExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler{
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println(t.getName()+"抛出异常"+e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
例子不是一个好例子,但是主要就是展示一下如何使用,场景自己把握
线程池中处理异常
在项目中很少自己去继承Thread来启动线程,更多的是使用线程池,而在线程池中UncaughtExceptionHandler是否生效呢?
在测试时发现,再调用executorService.execute方法的时候uncaughtException方法生效了,而在调用executorService.submit方法的时候,uncaughtException方法没有生效,这个是不是很奇怪
submit方法为什么获取不到异常
其实这是因为线程池中submit方法会将任务使用FutureTask进行包装,然后再将FutureTask对象传递给execute来进行执行
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
而FutureTask在执行的时候,已经进行了try…catch处理
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
// setException方法将异常信息存储在outcome变量中了,而且将state状态修改为了EXCEPTIONAL
protected void setException(Throwable t) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = t;
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}
在使用FutureTask的get操作来获取结果时
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
// 因为出现异常,此时s为EXCEPTIONAL,此时会将outcome中的值,也就是异常信息抛出来throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}
处理异常
可以有两种方式来处理异常
-
方式一:在执行任务的Runnable的run方法中添加try…catch来手动捕获异常
-
方式二:继承ThreadPoolExecutor来重写afterExecute方法,处理异常
class MyThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor { public MyThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) { this(corePoolSize,corePoolSize,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); } public MyThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue); } @Override protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) { super.afterExecute(r,t); if (t == null && r instanceof Future<?>) { try { Object result = ((Future<?>) r).get(); } catch (CancellationException ce) { t = ce; } catch (ExecutionException ee) { // 根据上述分析可知,FutureTask抛出来的异常是ExecutionException,所以捕获该异常,就可以获取到任务中所抛出来的异常 t = ee.getCause(); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // ignore/reset } } // 此时如果t不为null,说明在进行get操作时有异常出现 if(t != null){ System.out.println("afterExecute获取异常"+t.getMessage()); } } }
这个afterExecute是在线程池执行任务的过程中调用的
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
// 执行任务
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
参考文献