Linux安装mysql步骤详解

步骤：
1、在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件
/data/mysq
l#mkdir /software
/#mkdir /data/mysql
2、上传mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下
#cd /software
/#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3、更改解压缩后的文件夹名称
#mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql

4、创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
#groupadd mysql#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5、关联myql用户到mysql用户组中
#chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql
/#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
/#chown -R mysql /software/mysql
/#chown -R mysql /data/mysql

6、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限
#chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/

7、安装libaio依赖包，由于我买的腾讯云服务器centos系统自带的有这个依赖包所以不需要安装，不过自带的依赖包会报错，后面介绍解决办法查询是否暗转libaio依赖包#yum search libaio如果没安装，可以用下面命令安装#yum install libaio

8、初始化mysql命令#cd /software/mysql/bin#./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ckroot@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，各人安装生成的临时密码不一样如果初始化时报错如下：error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec是因为libnuma安装的是32位，我们这里需要64位的，执行下面语句就可以解决#yum install numactl.x86_64执行完后重新初始化mysql命令

9、启动mysql服务# sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件，报错内容大致如下：./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found./support-files/mysql.server: line
259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directoryStarting MySQL ERROR! Couldn’t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

10、修改Mysql配置文件#vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server修改前if test -z “$basedir"thenbasedir=/usr/local/mysqlbindir=/usr/local/mysql/biniftest-z"$datadir”
then
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir=“$basedir/bin"iftest-z"$datadir”
then
datadir=“$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin”
libexecdir=“$basedir/libexec"fi修改后iftest-z"$basedir”
then
basedir=/software/mysql
bindir=/software/mysql/bin
if test -z “$datadir"thendatadir=/data/mysqlfisbindir=/software/mysql/binlibexecdir=/software/mysql/binelsebindir="$basedir/bin”
if test -z “$datadir"thendatadir="$basedir/data”
fi
sbindir=“$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec”
fi保存退出#cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

11、修改my.cnf文件#vi /etc/my.cnf将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock

pipe

socket=0.0

port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

Server Id.

server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
#批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #

include all files from the config directory

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d保存退出
12、启动mysql#/etc/init.d/mysqld start新版本的安装包会报错，错误内容如下：Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/SZY.err’.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。
解决办法：
方法1、建立软连接例 #cd /usr/local/mysql#ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld
方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有强迫症的同学建议这种，我用的这种 ）

vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql保存退出。

（可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换）
13、登录mysql
#/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
14、输入临时密码。
临时密码就是第8条root@localhost:后面的内容
15、修改mysql的登录密码

mysql set password=password(‘root’);>mysql grant all privileges on . to root@’%’ identified by ‘root’;>mysql flush privileges;

16、完成，此时mysql的登录名root 登录密码root