matplotlib配置图的属性

介绍一下使用 matplotlib.pyplot 模块绘制图像时，图像的常用属性设置。

1.模块导入

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot(x, y, **kwargs)

2.设置线的属性

• pyplot可以设置线的很多属性，如线宽/虚线样式/抗锯齿等。

• 以下是几种设置线的属性的实现方式：

  • 使用 **kwargs 关键字设置：如 plt.plot(x, y, linewidth=)
    , color=‘r’)
  • 使用 setp() 函数统一设置线的属性，如：

  lines = plt.plot(x1, y1, x2, y2)
  plt.setp(lines, color='r', linewidth=2.0)
  

3. Line2D的属性

属性	代表含义	取值	备注
alpha	透明度	float	1.0表示不透明
color or c	颜色	any matplotlib color	颜色取值见附录一
label	图例	any string	应配合legend()使用
linestyle or ls	线的类型	‘-’ ‘–’ ‘-.’ ‘:’
linewidth	线宽	float	像素值，值不能加引号
marker	数据点标记	‘.’, ‘,’, ‘o’, ‘v’, ‘^’, ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘s’, ‘p’, ‘*’, ‘h’, ‘H’, ‘+’, ‘D’, ‘d’, ‘|’, ‘_’

4.设置图形属性

• 制定图例的显示位置：legend(loc=‘upper left’， *args)。

  • loc 可取的值有：

  string	对应数字
  ‘best’	0
  ‘upper right’	1
  ‘upper left’	2
  ‘lower left’	3
  ‘lower right’	4
  ‘right’	5
  ‘center left’	6
  ‘center right’	7
  ‘lower center’	8
  ‘upper center’	9
  ‘center’	10

• 设置x、y坐标轴的范围：xlim(xmin, xmax), ylim(ymin, ymax)

plt.xlim(x.min() - 0.2, x.max() + 0.2)
plt.ylim(y.min() - 0.2, y.max() + 0.2)

• 设置坐标轴标记：plt.xticks(locs, [labels], **kwargs), plt.yticks(locs, [labels], **kwargs)

plt.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi/2, 0, np.pi/2, np.pi], [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$\pi/2$', r'$\pi$'])
plt.yticks([-1, 0, +1])

• 对图中一些特殊点做标记： annotate()，详使用可参照源码

plt.annotate(r'$\cos(\frac{2\pi}{3})=-\frac{1}{2}$',
         xy=(t, np.cos(t)), xycoords='data',
         xytext=(-90, -50), textcoords='offset points', fontsize=16,
         arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2"))

• 设置图像的大小/分辨率等：figure(**kwargs)， kwargs可选值如下：

参数	描述
num	图像的数量
figsize	图像的长和宽（英寸）
dpi	分辨率（点/英寸）
facecolor	绘图区域的背景颜色
edgecolor	绘图区域边缘的颜色
frameon	是否绘制图像边缘

附录一：matplotlib color值

颜色名称	RGB表示
‘aliceblue’	‘#F0F8FF’,
‘antiquewhite’	‘#FAEBD7’,
‘aqua’	‘#00FFFF’,
‘aquamarine’	‘#7FFFD4’,
‘azure’	‘#F0FFFF’,
‘beige’	‘#F5F5DC’,
‘bisque’	‘#FFE4C4’,
‘black’	‘#000000’,
‘blanchedalmond’	‘#FFEBCD’,
‘blue’	‘#0000FF’,
‘blueviolet’	‘#8A2BE2’,
‘brown’	‘#A52A2A’,
‘burlywood’	‘#DEB887’,
‘cadetblue’	‘#5F9EA0’,
‘chartreuse’	‘#7FFF00’,
‘chocolate’	‘#D2691E’,
‘coral’	‘#FF7F50’,
‘cornflowerblue’	‘#6495ED’,
‘cornsilk’	‘#FFF8DC’,
‘crimson’	‘#DC143C’,
‘cyan’	‘#00FFFF’,
‘darkblue’	‘#00008B’,
‘darkcyan’	‘#008B8B’,
‘darkgoldenrod’	‘#B8860B’,
‘darkgray’	‘#A9A9A9’,
‘darkgreen’	‘#006400’,
‘darkkhaki’	‘#BDB76B’,
‘darkmagenta’	‘#8B008B’,
‘darkolivegreen’	‘#556B2F’,
‘darkorange’	‘#FF8C00’,
‘darkorchid’	‘#9932CC’,
‘darkred’	‘#8B0000’,
‘darksalmon’	‘#E9967A’,
‘darkseagreen’	‘#8FBC8F’,
‘darkslateblue’	‘#483D8B’,
‘darkslategray’	‘#2F4F4F’,
‘darkturquoise’	‘#00CED1’,
‘darkviolet’	‘#9400D3’,
‘deeppink’	‘#FF1493’,
‘deepskyblue’	‘#00BFFF’,
‘dimgray’	‘#696969’,
‘dodgerblue’	‘#1E90FF’,
‘firebrick’	‘#B22222’,
‘floralwhite’	‘#FFFAF0’,
‘forestgreen’	‘#228B22’,
‘fuchsia’	‘#FF00FF’,
‘gainsboro’	‘#DCDCDC’,
‘ghostwhite’	‘#F8F8FF’,
‘gold’	‘#FFD700’,
‘goldenrod’	‘#DAA520’,
‘gray’	‘#808080’,
‘green’	‘#008000’,
‘greenyellow’	‘#ADFF2F’,
‘honeydew’	‘#F0FFF0’,
‘hotpink’	‘#FF69B4’,
‘indianred’	‘#CD5C5C’,
‘indigo’	‘#4B0082’,
‘ivory’	‘#FFFFF0’,
‘khaki’	‘#F0E68C’,
‘lavender’	‘#E6E6FA’,
‘lavenderblush’	‘#FFF0F5’,
‘lawngreen’	‘#7CFC00’,
‘lemonchiffon’	‘#FFFACD’,
‘lightblue’	‘#ADD8E6’,
‘lightcoral’	‘#F08080’,
‘lightcyan’	‘#E0FFFF’,
‘lightgoldenrodyellow’	‘#FAFAD2’,
‘lightgreen’	‘#90EE90’,
‘lightgray’	‘#D3D3D3’,
‘lightpink’	‘#FFB6C1’,
‘lightsalmon’	‘#FFA07A’,
‘lightseagreen’	‘#20B2AA’,
‘lightskyblue’	‘#87CEFA’,
‘lightslategray’	‘#778899’,
‘lightsteelblue’	‘#B0C4DE’,
‘lightyellow’	‘#FFFFE0’,
‘lime’	‘#00FF00’,
‘limegreen’	‘#32CD32’,
‘linen’	‘#FAF0E6’,
‘magenta’	‘#FF00FF’,
‘maroon’	‘#800000’,
‘mediumaquamarine’	‘#66CDAA’,
‘mediumblue’	‘#0000CD’,
‘mediumorchid’	‘#BA55D3’,
‘mediumpurple’	‘#9370DB’,
‘mediumseagreen’	‘#3CB371’,
‘mediumslateblue’	‘#7B68EE’,
‘mediumspringgreen’	‘#00FA9A’,
‘mediumturquoise’	‘#48D1CC’,
‘mediumvioletred’	‘#C71585’,
‘midnightblue’	‘#191970’,
‘mintcream’	‘#F5FFFA’,
‘mistyrose’	‘#FFE4E1’,
‘moccasin’	‘#FFE4B5’,
‘navajowhite’	‘#FFDEAD’,
‘navy’	‘#000080’,
‘oldlace’	‘#FDF5E6’,
‘olive’	‘#808000’,
‘olivedrab’	‘#6B8E23’,
‘orange’	‘#FFA500’,
‘orangered’	‘#FF4500’,
‘orchid’	‘#DA70D6’,
‘palegoldenrod’	‘#EEE8AA’,
‘palegreen’	‘#98FB98’,
‘paleturquoise’	‘#AFEEEE’,
‘palevioletred’	‘#DB7093’,
‘papayawhip’	‘#FFEFD5’,
‘peachpuff’	‘#FFDAB9’,
‘peru’	‘#CD853F’,
‘pink’	‘#FFC0CB’,
‘plum’	‘#DDA0DD’,
‘powderblue’	‘#B0E0E6’,
‘purple’	‘#800080’,
‘red’	‘#FF0000’,
‘rosybrown’	‘#BC8F8F’,
‘royalblue’	‘#4169E1’,
‘saddlebrown’	‘#8B4513’,
‘salmon’	‘#FA8072’,
‘sandybrown’	‘#FAA460’,
‘seagreen’	‘#2E8B57’,
‘seashell’	‘#FFF5EE’,
‘sienna’	‘#A0522D’,
‘silver’	‘#C0C0C0’,
‘skyblue’	‘#87CEEB’,
‘slateblue’	‘#6A5ACD’,
‘slategray’	‘#708090’,
‘snow’	‘#FFFAFA’,
‘springgreen’	‘#00FF7F’,
‘steelblue’	‘#4682B4’,
‘tan’	‘#D2B48C’,
‘teal’	‘#008080’,
‘thistle’	‘#D8BFD8’,
‘tomato’	‘#FF6347’,
‘turquoise’	‘#40E0D0’,
‘violet’	‘#EE82EE’,
‘wheat’	‘#F5DEB3’,
‘white’	‘#FFFFFF’,
‘whitesmoke’	‘#F5F5F5’,
‘yellow’	‘#FFFF00’,
‘yellowgreen’	‘#9ACD32’}