本文深入解析HRESULT码的结构，包括其32位数值的组成：严重性、保留位、客户标识、NTSTATUS模式、错误来源指示符及错误编号。同时，提供了NTSTATUS模式的详细解读，包括严重性标识、自定义标识、错误来源对照表及错误代码。
如果在托管平台调用非托管的COM组件，而在组件之中又引发了错误，那么COM组件会以什么样的形式把错误返回给托管代码呢？
答案就是HRESULT。
相信许多朋友对该HRESULT码都不陌生，电脑中经常出现一堆莫名其妙的报错，就会给你弹出一堆错误编码，而那个编码，就是HRESULT。
所以HRESULT到底是个啥玩意？接着看下去，你就知道了。
根据微软提供的文档我们可以得知，HRESULT码是一个32位的数值：
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| S | R | C | N | X | Facility | Code | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
S (1 bit): Severity，代表严重性。如果为1，则指示失败结果。如果为0，表示成功结果。
R (1 bit):Reserved， 保留，如果N位为0，则此位必为0，如果N位为1， 将合并S位和R位用以表示四种状态标识，详见下方NTSTATUS模式定义
C (1 bit): Customer，此位表示着该HRESULT信息是由微软定义，还是由用户自定义。如果为0，则为微软定义，如果为1，则为用户自定义，这代表着HRESULT码具有扩展性。如果你在编程过程中遇到了一个第三方组件返回了一个自定义HRESULT码，那么你最好有其错误码所对应的信息表，不然的话，鬼才知道它代表啥意思。
N (1 bit): NTSTATUS，如果此位为1，则表示该消息为返回值模式，详见下方NTSTATUS模式定义。
X (1 bit): 保留，应该设置为0，（应该是为了提供扩展）。
Facility (11 bits): 错误来源的指示符。微软偶尔会增加一些新功能，如下，这是目前微软提供的对照表：
| 值 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| FACILITY_NULL 0 | The default facility code. |
| FACILITY_RPC 1 | The source of the error code is an RPC subsystem. |
| FACILITY_DISPATCH 2 | The source of the error code is a COM Dispatch. |
| FACILITY_STORAGE 3 | The source of the error code is OLE Storage. |
| FACILITY_ITF 4 | The source of the error code is COM/OLE Interface management. |
| FACILITY_WIN32 7 | This region is reserved to map undecorated error codes into HRESULTs. |
| FACILITY_WINDOWS 8 | The source of the error code is the Windows subsystem. |
| FACILITY_SECURITY 9 | The source of the error code is the Security API layer. |
| FACILITY_SSPI 9 | The source of the error code is the Security API layer. |
| FACILITY_CONTROL 10 | The source of the error code is the control mechanism. |
| FACILITY_CERT 11 | The source of the error code is a certificate client or server? |
| FACILITY_INTERNET 12 | The source of the error code is Wininet related. |
| FACILITY_MEDIASERVER 13 | The source of the error code is the Windows Media Server. |
| FACILITY_MSMQ 14 | The source of the error code is the Microsoft Message Queue. |
| FACILITY_SETUPAPI 15 | The source of the error code is the Setup API. |
| FACILITY_SCARD 16 | The source of the error code is the Smart-card subsystem. |
| FACILITY_COMPLUS 17 | The source of the error code is COM+. |
| FACILITY_AAF 18 | The source of the error code is the Microsoft agent. |
| FACILITY_URT 19 | The source of the error code is .NET CLR. |
| FACILITY_ACS 20 | The source of the error code is the audit collection service. |
| FACILITY_DPLAY 21 | The source of the error code is Direct Play. |
| FACILITY_UMI 22 | The source of the error code is the ubiquitous memoryintrospection service. |
| FACILITY_SXS 23 | The source of the error code is Side-by-side servicing. |
| FACILITY_WINDOWS_CE 24 | The error code is specific to Windows CE. |
| FACILITY_HTTP 25 | The source of the error code is HTTP support. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_COMMONLOG 26 | The source of the error code is common Logging support. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_FILTER_MANAGER 31 | The source of the error code is the user mode filter manager. |
| FACILITY_BACKGROUNDCOPY 32 | The source of the error code is background copy control |
| FACILITY_CONFIGURATION 33 | The source of the error code is configuration services. |
| FACILITY_STATE_MANAGEMENT 34 | The source of the error code is state management services. |
| FACILITY_METADIRECTORY 35 | The source of the error code is the Microsoft Identity Server. |
| FACILITY_WINDOWSUPDATE 36 | The source of the error code is a Windows update. |
| FACILITY_DIRECTORYSERVICE 37 | The source of the error code is Active Directory. |
| FACILITY_GRAPHICS 38 | The source of the error code is the graphics drivers. |
| FACILITY_SHELL 39 | The source of the error code is the user Shell. |
| FACILITY_TPM_SERVICES 40 | The source of the error code is the Trusted Platform Module services. |
| FACILITY_TPM_SOFTWARE 41 | The source of the error code is the Trusted Platform Module applications. |
| FACILITY_PLA 48 | The source of the error code is Performance Logs and Alerts |
| FACILITY_FVE 49 | The source of the error code is Full volume encryption. |
| FACILITY_FWP 50 | he source of the error code is the Firewall Platform. |
| FACILITY_WINRM 51 | The source of the error code is the Windows Resource Manager. |
| FACILITY_NDIS 52 | The source of the error code is the Network Driver Interface. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_HYPERVISOR 53 | The source of the error code is the Usermode Hypervisor components. |
| FACILITY_CMI 54 | The source of the error code is the Configuration Management Infrastructure. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_VIRTUALIZATION 55 | The source of the error code is the user mode virtualization subsystem. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_VOLMGR 56 | The source of the error code is the user mode volume manager |
| FACILITY_BCD 57 | The source of the error code is the Boot Configuration Database. |
| FACILITY_USERMODE_VHD 58 | The source of the error code is user mode virtual hard disk support. |
| FACILITY_SDIAG 60 | The source of the error code is System Diagnostics. |
| FACILITY_WEBSERVICES 61 | The source of the error code is the Web Services. |
| FACILITY_WINDOWS_DEFENDER 80 | The source of the error code is a Windows Defender component. |
| FACILITY_OPC 81 | The source of the error code is the open connectivity service. |
Code (2 bytes): 这个就是主要标示错误编号的部分了，如果是微软定义的HRESULT，即C位为0，你可以通过微软的相关文档找到相应的错误对照信息，如果是第三方组件自定义的HRESULT，此段数据为厂商编写，那么你就要参考组件厂商所提供的错误对照信息了。
NTSTATUS模式
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| Sev | C | N | Facility | Code | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sev (2 bits): Severity，严重性，含义对照如下
| 值 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| STATUS_SEVERITY_SUCCESS 0x0 | 成功 |
| STATUS_SEVERITY_INFORMATIONAL 0x1 | 返回信息 |
| STATUS_SEVERITY_WARNING 0x2 | 警告 |
| STATUS_SEVERITY_ERROR 0x3 | 错误 |
C (1 bit): 自定义标识，同上。
N (1 bit): 非NTSTATUS模式设置为0，反之为1。
Facility (12 bits): 如果C位为1，指示要自定义为代码字段使用的编号空间，反之如下：
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
| FACILITY_DEBUGGER | 0x001 |
| FACILITY_RPC_RUNTIME | 0x002 |
| FACILITY_RPC_STUBS | 0x003 |
| FACILITY_IO_ERROR_CODE | 0x004 |
| FACILITY_NTWIN32 | 0x007 |
| FACILITY_NTSSPI | 0x009 |
| FACILITY_TERMINAL_SERVER | 0x00A |
| FACILTIY_MUI_ERROR_CODE | 0x00B |
| FACILITY_USB_ERROR_CODE | 0x010 |
| FACILITY_HID_ERROR_CODE | 0x011 |
| FACILITY_FIREWIRE_ERROR_CODE | 0x012 |
| FACILITY_CLUSTER_ERROR_CODE | 0x013 |
| FACILITY_ACPI_ERROR_CODE | 0x014 |
| FACILITY_SXS_ERROR_CODE | 0x015 |
| FACILITY_TRANSACTION | 0x019 |
| FACILITY_COMMONLOG | 0x01A |
| FACILITY_VIDEO | 0x01B |
| FACILITY_FILTER_MANAGER | 0x01C |
| FACILITY_MONITOR | 0x01D |
| FACILITY_GRAPHICS_KERNEL | 0x01E |
| FACILITY_DRIVER_FRAMEWORK | 0x020 |
| FACILITY_FVE_ERROR_CODE | 0x021 |
| FACILITY_FWP_ERROR_CODE | 0x022 |
| FACILITY_NDIS_ERROR_CODE | 0x023 |
| FACILITY_HYPERVISOR | 0x035 |
| FACILITY_IPSEC | 0x036 |
| FACILITY_MAXIMUM_VALUE | 0x037 |
Code (2 bytes): 同上。
最后，再附上一个超级好用的微软HRESULT查询网站：https://www.hresult.info/
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