#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 9999
#define MAXSIZE 10
#define DLEN 4
class BigInt
{
private:
int a[500]; //可以控制大数的位数
int len; //大数长度
public:
BigInt(){ len = 1;memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); } //构造函数
BigInt(const int); //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
BigInt(const char*); //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
BigInt(const BigInt &); //拷贝构造函数
BigInt &operator=(const BigInt &); //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
friend istream& operator>>(istream&, BigInt&); //重载输入运算符
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, BigInt&); //重载输出运算符
BigInt operator+(const BigInt &) const; //重载加法运算符,两个大数之间的相加运算
BigInt operator-(const BigInt &) const; //重载减法运算符,两个大数之间的相减运算
BigInt operator*(const BigInt &) const; //重载乘法运算符,两个大数之间的相乘运算
BigInt operator/(const int &) const; //重载除法运算符,大数对一个整数进行相除运算
BigInt operator^(const int &) const; //大数的n次方运算
int operator%(const int &) const; //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
bool operator>(const BigInt & T)const; //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
bool operator<(const BigInt & T) const;
bool operator==(const BigInt & T) const;
bool operator>(const int & t)const; //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
bool operator<(const int &t) const;
bool operator==(const int &t) const;
void print(); //输出大数
};
bool BigInt::operator==(const BigInt & T) const {
return !(*this > T) && !(T > *this);
}
bool BigInt::operator==(const int &t) const {
BigInt T = BigInt(t);
return *this == T;
}
bool BigInt::operator<(const BigInt & T) const {
return T > *this;
}
bool BigInt::operator<(const int &t) const {
return BigInt(t) > *this;
}
BigInt::BigInt(const int b) //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
{
int c,d = b;
len = 0;
memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
while(d > MAXN)
{
c = d - (d / (MAXN + 1)) * (MAXN + 1);
d = d / (MAXN + 1);
a[len++] = c;
}
a[len++] = d;
}
BigInt::BigInt(const char*s) //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
{
int t,k,index,l,i;
memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
l=strlen(s);
len=l/DLEN;
if(l%DLEN)
len++;
index=0;
for(i=l-1;i>=0;i-=DLEN)
{
t=0;
k=i-DLEN+1;
if(k<0)
k=0;
for(int j=k;j<=i;j++)
t=t*10+s[j]-'0';
a[index++]=t;
}
}
BigInt::BigInt(const BigInt & T) : len(T.len) //拷贝构造函数
{
int i;
memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
a[i] = T.a[i];
}
BigInt & BigInt::operator=(const BigInt & n) //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
{
int i;
len = n.len;
memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
a[i] = n.a[i];
return *this;
}
istream& operator>>(istream & in, BigInt & b) //重载输入运算符
{
char ch[MAXSIZE*4];
int i = -1;
in>>ch;
int l=strlen(ch);
int count=0,sum=0;
for(i=l-1;i>=0;)
{
sum = 0;
int t=1;
for(int j=0;j<4&&i>=0;j++,i--,t*=10)
{
sum+=(ch[i]-'0')*t;
}
b.a[count]=sum;
count++;
}
b.len =count++;
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, BigInt& b) //重载输出运算符
{
int i;
cout << b.a[b.len - 1];
for(i = b.len - 2 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
cout.width(DLEN);
cout.fill('0');
cout << b.a[i];
}
return out;
}
BigInt BigInt::operator+(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相加运算
{
BigInt t(*this);
int i,big; //位数
big = T.len > len ? T.len : len;
for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++)
{
t.a[i] +=T.a[i];
if(t.a[i] > MAXN)
{
t.a[i + 1]++;
t.a[i] -=MAXN+1;
}
}
if(t.a[big] != 0)
t.len = big + 1;
else
t.len = big;
return t;
}
BigInt BigInt::operator-(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相减运算
{
int i,j,big;
bool flag;
BigInt t1,t2;
if(*this>T)
{
t1=*this;
t2=T;
flag=0;
}
else
{
t1=T;
t2=*this;
flag=1;
}
big=t1.len;
for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++)
{
if(t1.a[i] < t2.a[i])
{
j = i + 1;
while(t1.a[j] == 0)
j++;
t1.a[j--]--;
while(j > i)
t1.a[j--] += MAXN;
t1.a[i] += MAXN + 1 - t2.a[i];
}
else
t1.a[i] -= t2.a[i];
}
t1.len = big;
while(t1.a[t1.len - 1] == 0 && t1.len > 1)
{
t1.len--;
big--;
}
if(flag)
t1.a[big-1]=0-t1.a[big-1];
return t1;
}
BigInt BigInt::operator*(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相乘运算
{
BigInt ret;
int i,j,up;
int temp,temp1;
for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
{
up = 0;
for(j = 0 ; j < T.len ; j++)
{
temp = a[i] * T.a[j] + ret.a[i + j] + up;
if(temp > MAXN)
{
temp1 = temp - temp / (MAXN + 1) * (MAXN + 1);
up = temp / (MAXN + 1);
ret.a[i + j] = temp1;
}
else
{
up = 0;
ret.a[i + j] = temp;
}
}
if(up != 0)
ret.a[i + j] = up;
}
ret.len = i + j;
while(ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
ret.len--;
return ret;
}
BigInt BigInt::operator/(const int & b) const //大数对一个整数进行相除运算
{
BigInt ret;
int i,down = 0;
for(i = len - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
ret.a[i] = (a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1)) / b;
down = a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1) - ret.a[i] * b;
}
ret.len = len;
while(ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
ret.len--;
return ret;
}
int BigInt::operator %(const int & b) const //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
{
int i,d=0;
for (i = len-1; i>=0; i--)
{
d = ((d * (MAXN+1))% b + a[i])% b;
}
return d;
}
BigInt BigInt::operator^(const int & n) const //大数的n次方运算
{
BigInt t,ret(1);
int i;
if(n<0)
exit(-1);
if(n==0)
return 1;
if(n==1)
return *this;
int m=n;
while(m>1)
{
t=*this;
for( i=1;i<<1<=m;i<<=1)
{
t=t*t;
}
m-=i;
ret=ret*t;
if(m==1)
ret=ret*(*this);
}
return ret;
}
bool BigInt::operator>(const BigInt & T) const //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
{
int ln;
if(len > T.len)
return true;
else if(len == T.len)
{
ln = len - 1;
while(a[ln] == T.a[ln] && ln >= 0)
ln--;
if(ln >= 0 && a[ln] > T.a[ln])
return true;
else
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
bool BigInt::operator >(const int & t) const //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
{
BigInt b(t);
return *this>b;
}
void BigInt::print() //输出大数
{
int i;
printf("%d", a[len-1]);
for (int i = len-2; i >= 0; --i) {
printf("%04d", a[i]);
}
puts("");
}
int main()
{
int t;
char a[1000], b[1000];
BigInt ans;
scanf("%s%s",a,b);
BigInt A(a), B(b);
printf("%s + %s = ", a, b);
ans = A + B;
ans.print();
printf("%s - %s = ", a, b);
ans = A - B;
ans.print();
scanf("%d",&t);
printf("%s * %d = ", a, t);
ans = A * t;
ans.print();
printf("%s / %d = ", a, t);
ans = A / t;
ans.print();
printf("%s ^ %d = ", a, t);
ans = A ^ t;
ans.print();
printf("%s %% %d = ", a, t);
ans = A % t;
ans.print();
return 0;
}
下面是用string类写的模板
两个大整数相加:
/*
大整数加法
调用方式:add(a, b);
返回类型:string
*/
string add(string a, string b)
{
string s;
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
reverse(b.begin(), b.end());
int i = 0;
int m, k = 0;
while(a[i] && b[i])
{
m = a[i] - '0' + b[i] - '0' + k;
k = m / 10;
s += (m % 10 + '0');
i++;
}
if(i == a.size())
{
while(i != b.size())
{
m = k + b[i] - '0';
k = m / 10;
s += m % 10 + '0';
i++;
}
if(k) s += k + '0';
}
else if(i == b.size())
{
while(i != a.size())
{
m = k + a[i] - '0';
k = m / 10;
s += m % 10 + '0';
i++;
}
if(k) s += k + '0';
}
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
return s;
}
两个大整数相减:
/*
大整数减法
*/
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
string sub(string a, string b)
{
int i, j, k, s, flag = 1;
int tmpa[10000], tmpb[10000], c[10000];
string ans;
if(a.size() < b.size() || (a.size() == b.size() && a.compare(b) < 0))
{
string tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
flag = 0;
}
while(a.length() > b.length()) b = '0' + b;
int len = a.length();
for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
tmpa[i] = a[i] - '0';
tmpb[i] = b[i] - '0';
}
for(i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(tmpa[i] >= tmpb[i])
c[i] = tmpa[i] - tmpb[i];
else
{
c[i] = 10 + tmpa[i] - tmpb[i];
tmpa[i-1]--;
}
}
for(i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
if(c[i] != 0)
break;
for(j = i; j < len; j++)
ans = ans + (char)(c[j] + '0');
if(!flag)
ans = '-' + ans;
return ans;
}
int main()
{
string a, b;
while(cin >> a >> b)
{
cout << sub(a, b) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
大整数乘以一个小整数:
/*
大整数乘以小整数(可以用整型变量表示的整数)
*/
string multi(string a, int k)
{
if(k == 0) return "0";
int len = a.length(), carry = 0;
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int s = (a[i] - '0') * k + carry;
a[i] = s % 10 + '0';
carry = s / 10;
}
while(carry != 0)
{
a = a + (char)(carry % 10 + '0');
carry /= 10;
}
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
return a;
}
两个不含前导0的大整数相乘:
/*
两个不含前导0的大整数相乘
*/
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
string multi_string_int(string a, int k)
{
if(k == 0) return "0";
int len = a.length(), carry = 0;
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int s = (a[i] - '0') * k + carry;
a[i] = s % 10 + '0';
carry = s / 10;
}
while(carry != 0)
{
a = a + (char)(carry % 10 + '0');
carry /= 10;
}
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
return a;
}
string add(string a, string b)
{
string s;
reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
reverse(b.begin(), b.end());
int i = 0;
int m, k = 0;
while(a[i] && b[i])
{
m = a[i] - '0' + b[i] - '0' + k;
k = m / 10;
s += (m % 10 + '0');
i++;
}
if(i == a.size())
{
while(i != b.size())
{
m = k + b[i] - '0';
k = m / 10;
s += m % 10 + '0';
i++;
}
if(k) s += k + '0';
}
else if(i == b.size())
{
while(i != a.size())
{
m = k + a[i] - '0';
k = m / 10;
s += m % 10 + '0';
i++;
}
if(k) s += k + '0';
}
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
return s;
}
string multi_string_string(string a, string b)
{
string ans = "";
for(int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
string tmp = multi_string_int(b, a[i] - '0');
for(int j = 0; j < a.size() - 1 - i; j++)
tmp += '0';
ans = add(ans, tmp);
}
return ans;
}
int main()
{
string a, b;
while(cin >> a >> b)
{
cout << multi_string_string(a, b) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
求大整数除以一个小整数的商:
string division(string str, int x) {
string ans = "";
int len = str.length();
int y = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
ans += char((y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) / x + '0');
y = (y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) % x;
}
while(*(ans.begin()) == '0' && ans.size() > 1) ans.erase(ans.begin());
return ans;
}
求一个大整数对一个小整数的余数:
int Mod(string str, int x) {
int len = str.length();
int y = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
y = (y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) % x;
return y;
}
两个大数除法:
/* 大数除法 -- 高精度除高精度 */
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
#define N 2000
/*
1. a.size < b.size 返回-1
2. a.size == b.size && a - b < 0 返回-1
3. a.size == b.size && a - b == 0 返回0
*/
// 判断a.size 与 b.size的关系,以及做减法
int Judge(char a[], int a1, char b[], int b1) {
int i;
if(a1 < b1) return -1; // a.size < b.size
bool flag = false;
if(a1 == b1) { //a.size == b.size && a < b
for(i = a1 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if(a[i] > b[i])
flag = true;
else if(a[i] < b[i]) {
if(!flag) return -1;
}
}
}
for(i = 0; i < a1; i++) { //前提b中b1--a1部分必须为'0'
a[i] = a[i] - b[i] + 48; //'0'的ASCII为48
if((a[i] - '0') < 0) {
a[i] = a[i] + 10;
a[i+1] = a[i+1] - 1;
}
}
for(i = a1 - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // 返回被除数的长度
if(a[i] != '0')
return (i + 1);
}
return 0; //a.size==b.size&&a==b的情况
}
string division(string a, string b) {
char x1[N], x2[N];
int ans[N];
int a_len, b_len, i, j;
a_len = a.length();
b_len = b.length();
// 初始化
memset(x1, '0', sizeof(x1));
memset(x2, '0', sizeof(x2));
memset(ans, 0, sizeof(ans));
for(i = a_len - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i--)
x1[j++] = a[i];
for(i = b_len - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i--)
x2[j++] = b[i];
// 分析部分
if(a_len < b_len) return "0";
int temp_len = Judge(x1, a_len, x2, b_len);
if(temp_len < 0) return "0";
if(temp_len == 0) return "1";
ans[0]++; // 减掉1位, 商加1
int ntimes = temp_len - b_len;
if(ntimes < 0) return "1";
// 扩充数位, 加快减法
else if(ntimes > 0) {
for(i = temp_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if(i >= ntimes)
x2[i] = x2[i - ntimes];
else
x2[i] = '0';
}
}
b_len = temp_len;
// 加快除法的部分
for(j = 0; j <= ntimes; j++) {
int ntemp;
while((ntemp = Judge(x1, temp_len, x2 + j, b_len - j)) >= 0) {
temp_len = ntemp;
ans[ntimes - j]++;
}
}
for(i = 0; i < N; i++) {
if(ans[i] >= 10) {
ans[i+1] += ans[i] / 10;
ans[i] %= 10;
}
}
// 返回string类型
int k = N - 1;
string c = "";
while(ans[k] == 0 && k > 0) k--;
for(i = k; i >= 0; i--)
c+= (ans[i] + '0');
return c;
}
int main()
{
string a, b;
while(cin >> a >> b) {
cout << division(a, b) << endl;
}
return 0;
}