ABP VNext + .NET Minimal API：极简微服务快速开发

ABP VNext + .NET Minimal API：极简微服务快速开发 💨

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1. 引言 🚀

TL;DR ✨

• 🔥 极简上手：用 .NET Minimal API + ABP VNext，仅需一个 Program.cs 即可启动轻量级微服务
• 🛡️ 保留核心能力：依然拥有 ABP 的依赖注入（DI）、AOP 拦截器、配置管理、审计日志等特性
• 🎉 即开即用：ProblemDetails 异常格式、Swagger/OpenAPI、多版本 API 文档、API 版本管理、健康检查、CORS、多语言本地化一键配置
• ⚡ 高性能、高可用：Serilog 日志 + Kestrel 原生优化 + Docker Compose，启动秒级响应

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2. 环境与依赖 🛠️

• .NET SDK：6 +

• ABP VNext：6.x +

• 数据库：PostgreSQL（生产）、In-Memory（测试）

• 关键 NuGet 包：

  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Builder  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.Modularity  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSql  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AutoMapper  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Serilog        # Serilog 丰富器  
  dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer  
  dotnet add package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore  
  dotnet add package Asp.Versioning.Http  
  dotnet add package Asp.Versioning.Mvc.ApiExplorer      # 版本化 ApiExplorer  
  dotnet add package Hellang.Middleware.ProblemDetails    # ProblemDetails 中间件  
  dotnet add package Serilog  
  dotnet add package Serilog.Sinks.Console               # Serilog 控制台 Sink  
  dotnet add package StackExchange.Redis  
  

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3. 项目结构与入口 📂

MyMinimalService/
├─ Program.cs
├─ Modules/
│    └─ MyServiceModule.cs
├─ Application/
│    ├─ Dtos/
│    │    ├─ UserDto.cs
│    │    └─ CreateUserDto.cs
│    └─ IUserAppService.cs
├─ Domain/
│    ├─ Entities/
│    │    └─ User.cs
│    └─ MyDbContext.cs
└─ appsettings.json

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4. Program.cs 📝

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using Hellang.Middleware.ProblemDetails;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Json;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Serilog;
using Volo.Abp;
using Volo.Abp.Autofac;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Builder;     // 确保 AddApplication 扩展可用
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Serilog;
using Volo.Abp.EventBus;                // 确保 AddAbpEventBus 扩展可用
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// 1. Serilog 全局配置 🔥
builder.Host.UseSerilog((ctx, lc) =>
{
   
   
    lc.ReadFrom.Configuration(ctx.Configuration)
      .Enrich.FromLogContext()
      .Enrich.WithProperty("Application", ctx.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationName)
      .WriteTo.Console();
});

// 2. 使用 Autofac 容器，确保 ABP AOP 拦截器生效 🛡️
builder.Host.UseAutofac();

// 3. 注册 ABP 模块化支持（包含 ASP.NET Core 特性）📦
builder.Services.AddApplication<MyServiceModule>();

// 4. 本地化：资源文件路径 🌐
builder.Services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Resources");

// 5. ProblemDetails 异常格式化 ⚠️
builder.Services.AddProblemDetails(opts =>
{
   
   
    opts.MapToStatusCode<Exception>(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);
});

// 6. 身份验证与授权 🔒
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(options => {
   
   
        options.Authority = builder.Configuration["Auth:Issuer"];
        options.Audience  = builder.Configuration["Auth:Audience"];
    });
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();

// 7. 启用 ABP 事件总线（自动注册 AOP 拦截器）🔄
builder.Services.AddAbpEventBus();

// 8. JSON 序列化优化 📲
builder.Services.Configure<JsonOptions>(opts =>
{
   
   
    opts.SerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase;
    opts.SerializerOptions.DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull;
});

// 9. API 版本化 📑
builder.Services.AddApiVersioning(opts =>
{
   
   
    opts.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;
    opts.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);
    opts.ReportApiVersions = true;
    opts.ApiVersionReader = new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader();
});
builder.Services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(opts =>
{
   
   
    opts.GroupNameFormat = "'v'VVV";
    opts.SubstituteApiVersionInUrl = true;
});

// 10. Swagger/OpenAPI 🛠️
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(opts =>
{
   
   
    // 在此阶段 BuildServiceProvider 有轻微容器重复，但示例中可用
    var provider = builder.Services.BuildServiceProvider()
                        .GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>();
    foreach (var desc in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions)
    {
   
   
        opts.SwaggerDoc(desc.GroupName, new OpenApiInfo {
   
   
            Title   = "MyMinimalService",
            Version = desc.ApiVersion.ToString()
        }