四六级备考攻略

四六级、英语备考

做题顺序与时间安排

• 作文：106.5 30min
• 听力：248.5 30min
• 匹配题：71 15-20min
• 阅读理解：142 20-30min
• 翻译题：106.5 20min
• 15选10：35.5 10min（快速写完，如果时间不够可以放弃）

写作

提分锦囊

• 考场上宁愿简单不要犯错
• 卷面整洁，字迹工整
• 三段式，第二段用三个论据去论证观点，每个论据用2句话展开
  • 第一段（现象或图片描述，引出观点）；
  • 第二段（原因、建议、影响等多维度或选择一个角度，论证观点）；
  • 第三段（与第二段不同的建议、影响、结果的总结，总结、重申观点）
• 语言的多样性、句式多变：长短句穿插、不同的句式类型、适当的使用关联词

常用句型Top5

1. It is…that… 强调句
   It is + 要强调的部分+ that + 句子剩余部分
   例：毋庸置疑，人类活动危害了地球。
   正常语序：The earth harmed by human activities is an undeniable fact.
   强调句：It is an undeniable fact that human activities harm the Earth.

2. Only开头的倒装句
   “only + 状语（从句）” 位于句首引起的倒装句；only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首。
   例：只有等到沙尘暴来了，人们才意识到自己犯了大错误。
   正常语序：People realized they had made a big mistake only after the sand storm came.
   倒装句：Only after the sand storm came did people realize they had made a big mistake.

3. 使用not…but… 句型
   Treat the earth well, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.
   善待地球，它不是你父母馈赠给你的，而是你的子孙借给你的。

4. There be 句型
   There is a large percentage of water and land polluted around us.
   我们周围有很大比例的水源和土壤受到了污染。

5. so …that…句型
   Human beings are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of the environment.
   人类总是以经济为导向，以至于他们忽视了环境的保护。

除此以外，还有宾语从句、定语从句、非谓语等都可用于满足句式的丰富多样。

常用句型补充

一、开头
1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over …
4.What calls for special attention is that…
5.There’s no denying the fact that…
6.what’s far more important is that…
7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy…
8.It is well-known that…
9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of …
10.According to a recent survey, …
11.With the rapid development of …
二、结尾
1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that …
2.In conclusion, it is imperative that …
3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
5.Taking all these into account, we …
6.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear.。。
7.All things considered, .。。
8.It may be safely said that.。。
9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable.。。
10.It can be concluded from the discussion that.。。
11.From my point of view, it would be better if.。。
三、表比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that…
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.However, the same is not applicable to B.
9.A and B differ in several ways.
10.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
四、表原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that…
4.The factors that contribute to this situation include…
5.The change in …largely results from the fact that…
6.Part of the explanations for it is that …
7.One of the most common factors (causes ) is that …
8.Another contributing factor (cause ) is …
9.Perhaps the primary factor is that .。。
10.But the fundamental cause is that …
五、表结果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.
2.The immediate result it produces is …
3.It will exercise a profound influence upon…
4.Its consequence can be so great that.。。
六、表反驳
1.It is true that …, but one vital point is being left out.
2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3.Many of us have been under the illusion that…
4.It makes no sense to argue for …
5.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that …
6.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .。。
七、表证明
1.No one can deny the fact that …
2.The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows …
4.Recent studies indicate that …
5.There is sufficient evidence to show that …
6.According to statistics proved by …, it can be seen that …

作文模板

一、 第一种题型（议论文）
1.观点碰撞题（对比观点选择题）：
大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般是：有一些人……;还有人…….;我的看法或观点

作文题：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topics is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your compositionon the outline given in Chinese below:

1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是…….
2.也有人持不同意见，………
3.我的看法和打算

说明利弊型作文是以某一事物的优点和缺点为文章的主要内容，最终以考生的评论或者观点作为全文的结论。在说明事物的利弊时，应该注意条理性。比如我们可以使用对比法或是枚举法中的句型来展开短文。在文章的最后一段表明个人的态度或者看法的时候，最好也能提供相应的理由或者一些扬长避短的方法来减少事物的负面影响。

这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式：
第一部分：引言。说明标题中涉及的某一事物或现象；
第二部分：优点。例举该事物或现象的优点或积极因素；（这一部分除了可以独立成段外，也可以与第一部分合为一段，或是与第三部分合为一段）
第三部分：缺点。可以考虑用对比关联词引出该事物或现象的另一面——缺点或消极因素；
第四部分：考生的个人体会。权衡利弊，阐述个人体会或者如何扬长避短的方法。

模板一：
要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more/Plus, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

模板二：
给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

In my opinion,I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

模板三：
①Different people have quite different views on_____. ②It is held by some people that_____. ③But it is also held by others that _____.
④Those who hold the first opinion think that ______. ⑤In their view, ______. ⑥In contrast,those who hold the opposite view think that ______.⑦They argued that ______.
⑧As far as I am concerned, I agree with __ .⑨Admittedly, ___.⑩Furthermore, ______. (11)Finally, ____. (12)In conclusion, ______.

模板四：
①There is a pair of opposite ideas on ______.②Some people consider that ____ .③However, others hold the opposite view that _______.

④Some people would say that ______. ⑤They hold this view because ______. ⑥In contrast,others believe that _____. ⑦They argue that __________.

⑧As to me, I amin favor of_____. ⑨First(ly), ___. ⑩Second(ly), ____ .(11) The most important of all, _____. (12)In a word, ______.

2.社会热点话题讨论：
通常模式为：现象概述－细节（原因、危害、方式等）－自我评论

原因模板一：
①It is true that________. ②Nowadays, ________. ③What impresses us most is ______. ④Of course, ________.

⑤There is also a growing concern over ______. ⑥The main reason for this is _________.⑦What is more, ________.⑧As a result, ________.
⑨Considering all these reasons, personally, _______. ⑩On the one hand, ______.(11)On the other hand, ______. (12)In a word, ______.

原因模板二：
①Nowadays, wherever you go, _______. ②As is known to all, _____. ③In a word, ______.

④There are plenty of contributing causes among which, the following ones are particularly worth mentioning. ⑤First, ______ . ⑥Second, _____ . ⑦And consequently, ____.⑧And finally,_____.

⑨In fact, ______in the long run. ⑩Besides, ____. (11)And what’s more, ____.

(12) Therefore, let’s remember that ______.
危害类：首先提出一种普遍现象，并指出其危害性很大。说明其危害后说明自己的态度，即消除危害性的做法。

My View on the Negative Effects of Some FalseAdvertisement
1.现在有些不良的商业广告
2.这些广告的副作用和危害性
3.我对这些广告的态度

第一段引入某种有害事物:
Nowadays every one of us may come across ————now and then (偶尔). These————are most harmful to the whole society.

第二段分三方面说明其危害性:
For my part / From my own perspective (替换in my opinion), their harmfulness can be summarized in the following respects. In the first place,————In the second place, ———— Last but not least,.

第三段说明自己的态度，即消除危害性的做法:
In my mind, the government and the citizens should join hands to put an end to these————. On one hand, the government should———— On the other hand, common citizens should ———— Only by the joint effects of the government and the common characters can we (only用在句首引导状语时，主句部分倒装) do away with (废除，去掉).

解决方法模板一：
①With the development/improvement/
reform/opening of…in recent years, ______. ②So it is of great importance for us to _______. ③On the one hand, ______. ④On the other hand, ______.

⑤However, what really matters is _____ . ⑥Firstly, ___ .⑦So long as_______.⑧Secondly, ____. ⑨Thirdly, _____. ⑩Lastly, ______. ⑾In fact, ____.⑿In a word, ______.

解决方法模板二：
In recent days, we have to face the problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一).For another -------------(解决方法二).Finally, --------------(解决方法三)

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).

二、 第二种题型（图表题）

通常模式为：描述图表－解释原因－自我评论
As can be clearly seen fromthe graph/table/chart (As is shown in the table/figure), great changed havetaken place in_______, The _________ have/has skyrocketed/jumped from _____ to_____.

When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give different explanations. Here I shall just give a few. To begin with, ______ What’s more,___________, Last but not least, ________.

While it is desirable that ___ ,there are still some problems and difficulties for __________ Firstly, __________ ,In addition,________ ,In a word, __________ .

三、 第三种题型（书信题）2017年四六级作文考过！！！
1．批评、抱怨、投诉信
模板一：
Dear Sir/ Madam:

①My name is _______.②I am a ______.③I venture towrite a letter to you about ______.④The focus ofthe complaint is ______. ⑤For one thing, _______. ⑥For another, ________.

⑦Honestly speaking, ______. ⑧But _______. ⑨Besides, _______. ⑩All in all, there is still much room for improvement as far as ______ is concerned. (11)I do hope _______.

(12)Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours,
模板二：
Dear Sir/ Madam:
①I am _______. ②On behalf of _______, I _______. ③I am writing to you to _______. ④The main problem involves ______.⑤On the one hand, ______. ⑥On the other hand, _______.

⑦To tell you thetruth, _______. ⑧However, ______.⑨In addition, _______. ⑩If ______.(11) Finally, we are looking forward to your quick dealing with the matter.

(12)Thank you for your kind consideration.

Sincerely yours,
2．建议信

模板一：
①Dear ______:
I have received your letter saying that______②Your letter gives me much pleasure and _____. ③I recommend that ______. ④For one thing, _____. ⑤For another, ______.

⑥As to _____ , I think _____. ⑦Then ______. ⑧In order to _____, Isuggest ______. ⑨Besides, I ______. ⑩So I believe _______.

(11)Please sendme a letter telling me ____. (12)I am looking forward to seeing you.
Yours,

模板二：
①Dear _____:
I am delighted to learn that _____.②It is several years since _____. ③_____is your best choice, I think. ④On the one hand, _____. ⑤On the other hand, _____.

⑥Speaking of ______ , the following is what I suggest ______. ⑦If ____. ⑧There is no need for you to _____⑨In addition,_____⑩I am sure ______.

(11) Just write to me ____, (12)I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,

四、第四种题型（谚语格言题）
文章题目为一句格言或谚语，通常模式为：解释谚语－举例论证－画龙点睛

１.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。
２.分析并举例使其更充实。

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

五、漫画描述题
第一段
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most widespreadsocial phenomenon concerning + 考试主题名词. 图画描写句（一到两句）. Simply designed as the drawing seems to be, the symbolic meaning is as deep as it concerns. The author’s real purpose is not the drawing itself, but to lead us secure what hides behind the iceburg.
第二段
What is shown in the picture has a lot to do with our life and society. It is believed and shared among the public that not only + 与生活/社会联系的核心句一 but also +与前一句意思相近的句子【注意倒装】. 举例子（3句）[具体举，不要写许多人怎么样，乱编就行，别写自己，比如我的邻居或者我的朋友某某什么的]. Furthermore, there is certain element of truth in saying that + 与生活/社会联系的核心句二rather than + 与前面意思相反的句子. Just as a famous figure puts it, 如果不知道什么名言就自己创一句. As is universally acknowledged, 与生活/社会联系句三.
First and foremost, … Furthermore, Additionally, Last but not least,
第三段
如果漫画主题是积极方面的：
From my perspective, I strongly contend that主题名词 should be advocated openly and enthusiastically. On the one hand, we should be sensible to encourage ourselves to enrich our minds. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be more persistent. It is far beyond any question that only when we pay attention to itcan we make it better sooner or later!
如果漫画主题是消极方面的：
For my part, I strongly assert that主题名词should be prevented immediately. On the one hand, we should be sensible enough to resist this trend. On the other hand, it is important to keep people aware of the serious consequences of + 主题名词. It is far beyond any question that only when we attach importance to it can we see a colorful and harmonious future sooner or later!

听力

1、视听一致+同义替换+高频词汇（用相近的词或句子替换的一般为答案）
2、首尾呼应（前面听到说什么，结尾又说了一遍，那么赶紧看选项有没这项）
3、转折/强调 （语气突然转变，比如but,或者强调某件事很不可思议。。。
4、第二方的回答
5、语意模糊，不精确（很少出现语意很确定的答案，一般正确答案都是拐弯抹角出来的，需要推测）

听长对话的时候，只需要盯着每个题目的四个选项最后三个词看，然后注意听，听力是否念出出和最后三个或者两个词一模一样的。

15选10

三步走

• 第一步：给选项标注词性，一词多词性，标注多个词性；
• 第二步：预判空格词性；
• 第三步：结合词性和上下文，进行“拼图”游戏。
  从特征最明显的副词（-ly结尾）开始填，用过的词用笔划掉。
  选词填空仅仅考察四大词性：名词、动词、形容词、副词，一般副词只有2-3空；形容词2-5空。
  1、冠词(a,an,the)+形容词+介词+n 为固定搭配
  2、一个完整句子++名词/介词的结构时，逗号后面是伴随状语，应当填动词ing3、3、或者ed形式（独立主格结构原则动词ing）
  4、形容词：a/the/the most/more+ adj +名词
  5、副词：主语+谓语+宾语（表达完整）+副词
  主语++谓语 横线处常填副词
  十五选十的题目，有15个选项，而这15个选项里包含了3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。我们所要做的是区分出15个选项每个的意思以及属性，先将容易确认为正确答案的先填上，然后根据词性一个个的进行排除。举例：15个词一般会有4个名词，其中有一个是干扰项，也就是说你最后的答案如果出现超出3个词的词性为名词，一般这里面肯定会有错误，应进行检查。

四级选词填空必考高频词Top5

• average adj. 一般的; 通常的; 平均的；
  常考结构：the average … of
  如：The average age of the students is 19.
  学生的平均年龄是19岁。
  on average 按平均数计算
• especially adv. 特别; 格外; 尤其; 主要；
  考试时，这个空前面一般是逗号。
  如：Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, especially in April and May.
  漫山遍野的野花点缀着山谷，特别是每到四月和五月的时候。
• potential adj. 有潜力的, 潜在的, 可能的
  常考搭配：
  the potential for sth. 某事发生的潜在性; 可能性
• total n. 总数, 合计, 全体；adj. 总计的, 全体的,
  常考搭配：
  in total 总共，共计
• maintain v. 维持; 保持; 维修, 保养
  常与以下词搭配使用：
  maintain friendly relations, contacts, etc (with sb)（与某人）保持友好关系﹑ 接触等

六级选词填空必考高频词Top3

• eventually adv. 终于，最后，等于in the end
  常考用法：
  常放在句子的开头，逗号跟后面的句子隔开。也灵活放在句首或动词前等位置。
  如：Eventually, the army caught up with him in Latvia.
  最后，军队在拉脱维亚抓住了他。
  It might take him ages but he’ll do it eventually.
  尽管要耗费他数年时间，他最后还是做到了。
• impact n./v. 影响，作用，冲击
  常考搭配：impact on/upon sb./ sth. 对某人[某事物]的强烈的印象或巨大的影响
  如：They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country.
  他说他们希望这次会议能对国家的将来产生深远的影响。
• benefits n.益处；救济(保险)金 vt.有益于 vi.得益
  常考搭配：
  the benefit of sth.：某事/物的好处
  benefit from：得益于
  如：I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.
  她的睿智让我受益匪浅。
  benefit to：对……有益
  Knowledge is benefit to us. 知识对大有益处。
  to one’s benefit：对某人有益，有帮助

匹配题

先题干后文章！切忌通读和翻译！
最快速有效的方法就是：带着读题干时标记出的大写字母、带有连字符等的特殊符号、名词及名词短语、形容词及形容词短语等，回到原文中去匹配。
题干中划出的关键词越多，段落原文中与题干关键词匹配度越高，可判定答案就是该段落。

阅读理解

先读题干，后看文章，找到定位段或定位句后，再将该段或该句与选项进行比对。
所选择的答案在文章中能找到“伪装”后的句子!
做题步骤是：
1、花2分钟快速浏览问题，理解题目问什么
2、花5-7分钟看文章
3、回归问题，根据选项（可以是选项的字眼）快速定位，此处大概5分钟
4、涂卡

翻译题

翻译是要从每一句倒着翻译，将关键词翻译出，主谓宾组合，表达清楚意思即可，不懂得词，个把可以用拼音代替，只要结构完整，能够表达大概意思，一般不会扣的太重，一些关键词除外。

翻译技巧

1、增词
在段落翻译时，为了能充分的表达中文的含义，汉译英时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
例如：感冒可以通过人的手传染。
译文为：Flu can be spread by hand contact.
其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。

2、减词
译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。
例如“百姓出现做饭点火难现象。”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。

3、词类转换
词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等) 即可转换为另一种词类。
例如：他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
译文：His speech impressed us deeply.
汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。

4、语态转换
汉译英时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。
事实上，在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。
例如：门锁好了。The door has been locked up.
这里就译出了门是被（人）锁好的意义。

5、语序变换
为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义，有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。

6、分译与合译
考生在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时，可以考虑分译，以使译文简洁，通俗易懂。
同时考生也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子合译成一句英文，可以用连接词来连接。

7、正反表达翻译
正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况：
1.汉语从正面表达，英语从反面表达。
2.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达。
例如：他的演讲不充实。
译文为：His speech is pretty thin.