HCIP中OSFP综合实验

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#网络 #服务器

本文详细介绍了在HCIP认证中涉及的OSFP综合实验，包括实验拓扑、要求和步骤。实验旨在创建一个复杂的网络环境，通过合理划分IP地址、减少LSA更新、确保全网可达性，并实现安全的OSPF更新。实验涵盖了多个网络区域的配置、公网IP设置、路由宣告、认证机制以及NAT技术的应用。

一、实验拓扑

二、实验要求：

1，R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
2,R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点;
3,整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
4,所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5,减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全;
6,全网可达

三、实验步骤：

1.基于172.16.0.0 16 划分网段

172.16.0.0-19 --- A0

172.16.0.0-24 ---- p2p

172.16.0.0-30

172.16.0.4-30

......

172.16.1.0-24 ------MA

172.16.1.8-29

172.16.1.16-29

172.16.1.24-29

172.16.2.0-24 -----用户

172.16.3.0-24

.......

172.16.31.0-24

172.16.32.0-19 ---A1

172.16.32.0-24 --p2p-30

172.16.33.0-24 --MA-29

172.16.33.0-29

172.16.33.8-29

172.16.34.0-24 --用户

......

172.16.64.0-19 ---A2

172.16.96.0-19 ---A3

172.16.128.0-19 ---A4

172.16.160.0-19 ---RIP

172.16.160.0-20

172.16.176.0-20

172.16.192.0-19

172.16.224.0-19

2.配置公网ip以及配置缺省

[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2

3.建立通道

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 


[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 29	
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100	
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[r5]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.168.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r6]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24

[r7]int t0/0/0	
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

3.配置其他区域

area1

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24

area2

[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 29

[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 29
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int  l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.9 29

[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.10 29
[r12]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20

area3/4

[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29

[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.9 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.1 24


[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.10 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.1 24
[r9-LoopBack0]

[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 24
[r10-LoopBack0]

4.宣告ospf

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255


[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net	
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne	
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r9]ospf 1 r	
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[r9-ospf-1]a 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]ne	
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]ne	
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne	
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne	
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12-ospf-1]rip
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]ne	
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

5.修改p2mp方式

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

6.将rip跟不规则区域area4分别导入和重发布

[r12]ospf
[r12-ospf-1]im	
[r12-ospf-1]import-route r	
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[r12-ospf-1]q

[r9-ospf-1]dis this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 
 area 0.0.0.3 
  network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0 
 area 0.0.0.4 
  network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255 
#
return
[r9-ospf-1]a 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo net	
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-1]undo a 4
[r9]ospf 2 rou	
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne	
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]

7.在area4加缺省，在r10上指向r9保证私网通

[r10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.129.1

8.做优化，汇总

[r3]ospf
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ab	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[r6]ospf
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ab	
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]

[r7]ospf 
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ab	
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]

[r9]ospf
[r9-ospf-1]as	
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r9-ospf-1]

[r12]os	
[r12]ospf
[r12-ospf-1]as	
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r12-ospf-1]

汇总做空接口

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

做特殊区域

Area 1做完全末梢区域 Area 2做完全的非完全末梢区域 Area 3做完全的非完全末梢区域

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary



[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa


[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

9.加跨收敛

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

10.保证更新安全

1.接口认证

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

2.区域认证

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

3.全网可达nat技术