k8s中的存储

于 2024-10-14 20:19:19 发布
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文章标签： kubernetes 容器 云原生
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/K1487994142/article/details/142927510
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一 configmap

1.1 configmap的功能

  • configMap用于保存配置数据，以键值对形式存储。

  • configMap 资源提供了向 Pod 注入配置数据的方法。

  • 镜像和配置文件解耦，以便实现镜像的可移植性和可复用性。

  • etcd限制了文件大小不能超过1M

1.2 configmap的使用场景

  • 填充环境变量的值

  • 设置容器内的命令行参数

  • 填充卷的配置文件

1.3 configmap创建方式

1.3.1 字面值创建

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create cm lee-config --from-literal  fname=timing --from-literal lname=lee
configmap/lee-config created
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe cm lee-config
Name:         lee-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
​
Data                            #键值信息显示
====
fname:
----
timing
lname:
----
lee
​
BinaryData
====
​
Events:  <none>

1.3.2 通过文件创建

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 114.114.114.114
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create cm lee2-config --from-file /etc/resolv.conf
configmap/lee2-config created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe cm lee2-config
Name:         lee2-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
​
Data
====
resolv.conf:
----
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 114.114.114.114
​
​
BinaryData
====
​
Events:  <none>

1.3.3 通过目录创建

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir leeconfig
[root@k8s-master ~]# cp /etc/fstab /etc/rc.d/rc.local  leeconfig/
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create cm lee3-config --from-file leeconfig/
configmap/lee3-config created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe cm lee3-config
Name:         lee3-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
​
Data
====
fstab:
----
​
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Jul 26 13:04:22 2024
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=6577c44f-9c1c-44f9-af56-6d6b505fcfa8 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=eec689b4-73d5-4f47-b999-9a585bb6da1d /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=ED00-0E42          /boot/efi               vfat    umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
#UUID=be2f2006-6072-4c77-83d4-f2ff5e237f9f none                    swap    defaults        0 0
​
rc.local:
----
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
​
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
mount /dev/cdrom /rhel9
​
​
BinaryData
====
​
Events:  <none>

1.3.4 通过yaml文件创建

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create cm lee4-config --from-literal db_host=172.25.254.100 --from-literal db_port=3306 --dry-run=client -o yaml > lee-config.yaml
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim lee-config.yaml


apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: lee4-config
data:
  db_host: 172.25.254.100
  db_port: "3306"
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe cm lee4-config
Name:         lee4-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
​
Data
====
db_host:
----
172.25.254.100
db_port:
----
3306
​
BinaryData
====
​
Events:  <none>
​

1.3.5 configmap的使用方式

  • 通过环境变量的方式直接传递给pod

  • 通过pod的 命令行运行方式

  • 作为volume的方式挂载到pod内

1.3.5.1 使用configmap填充环境变量
#讲cm中的内容映射为指定变量
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod1.yml


apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  containers:
  - image: busyboxplus:latest
    name: testpod
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - env
    env:
    - name: key1
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
          name: lee4-config
          key: db_host
    - name: key2
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
          name: lee4-config
          key: db_port
  restartPolicy: Never
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yml
pod/testpod created
​
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs pods/testpod
KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
MYAPP_V1_SERVICE_HOST=10.104.84.65
HOSTNAME=testpod
SHLVL=1
MYAPP_V2_SERVICE_HOST=10.105.246.219
HOME=/
MYAPP_V1_PORT=tcp://10.104.84.65:80
MYAPP_V1_SERVICE_PORT=80
MYAPP_V2_SERVICE_PORT=80
MYAPP_V2_PORT=tcp://10.105.246.219:80
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.104.84.65
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.105.246.219
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
key1=172.25.254.100
key2=3306
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.104.84.65:80
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.105.246.219:80
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
PWD=/
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
​
​
#把cm中的值直接映射为变量
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod2.yml


apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  containers:
  - image: busyboxplus:latest
    name: testpod
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - env
    envFrom:
    - configMapRef:
        name: lee4-config
  restartPolicy: Never
​
#查看日志
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs pods/testpod
KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
MYAPP_V1_SERVICE_HOST=10.104.84.65
HOSTNAME=testpod
SHLVL=1
MYAPP_V2_SERVICE_HOST=10.105.246.219
HOME=/
db_port=3306
MYAPP_V1_SERVICE_PORT=80
MYAPP_V1_PORT=tcp://10.104.84.65:80
MYAPP_V2_SERVICE_PORT=80
MYAPP_V2_PORT=tcp://10.105.246.219:80
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.104.84.65
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.105.246.219
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
age=18
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
MYAPP_V1_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.104.84.65:80
MYAPP_V2_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.105.246.219:80
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
name=lee
PWD=/
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
db_host=172.25.254.100
​
​
#在pod命令行中使用变量
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod3.yml


apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  containers:
  - image: busyboxplus:latest
    name: testpod
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - echo ${db_host} ${db_port}        #变量调用需
    envFrom:
    - configMapRef:
        name: lee4-config
  restartPolicy: Never
​
#查看日志
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs pods/testpod
172.25.254.100 3306

1.3.5.2 通过数据卷使用configmap
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod4.yml


apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  containers:
  - image: busyboxplus:latest
    name: testpod
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - cat /config/db_host
    volumeMounts:                   #调用卷策略
    - name: config-volume           #卷名称
      mountPath: /config
  volumes:                          #声明卷的配置
  - name: config-volume             #卷名称
    configMap:
      name: lee4-config
  restartPolicy: Never
​
#查看日志
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs testpod
172.25.254.100
1.3.5.3 利用configMap填充pod的配置文件
#建立配置文件模板
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim nginx.conf


server {
  listen 8000;
  server_name _;
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  index index.html;
}
​
#利用模板生成cm
root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create cm nginx-conf --from-file nginx.conf
configmap/nginx-conf created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe cm nginx-conf
Name:         nginx-conf
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
​
Data
====
nginx.conf:
----
server {
  listen 8000;
  server_name _;
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  index index.html;
}
​
​
BinaryData
====
​
Events:  <none>
​
#建立nginx控制器文件
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx:latest --replicas 1 --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx.yml
​
#设定nginx.yml中的卷
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim nginx.yml
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat nginx.
cat: nginx.: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat nginx.yml


apiVersion:
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