Ubuntu上vscode编译C++

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VScode编译C++主要有如下几种种方法。

方法一、配置　 launch.json 和 tasks.json 文件。

在安装完vscode，下载相应的插件后，编写C++程序并进行编译。在编译之前首先需要配置vscode的两个文件，

分别为： launch.json 和 tasks.json 。

1、下载编辑C++ 的相应插件： C/C++，如下图第一个插件

建立文件夹 test ，并在vscode中选择打开此文件夹（vscode必须打开 .cpp文件所在的文件夹才能进编译，而不能只是打开一个 .cpp的单文件进行编译。）。在vscode中点击1处建立C01文件夹；在C01目录下，再点击2处，建立 .cpp 文件。目录结构如下图：

2、配置 launch.json 文件

（1）、打开01.cpp文件，按F5，在出现的命令提示栏上选择 C++(GDB/LLDB)，

（2）、然后在出现的launch.json模板上进行修改，主要修改2个地方。分别为下图的3处，为运行编译程序的路径；4处为添加的在启动运行程序之前，要进行先编译，与下一个文件 tasks.json 相对应。launch.json文件用于运行编译的程序。

附   launch.json文件配置结果如下：

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "preLaunchTask": "build",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

３、配置　tasks.json　文件：

（1）、按 ctrl+shift+P 或者 F1，来启动命令提示栏。在其中输入 run task，选择　Run Task，

　（２）、再点选　No task to run found,Configure Tasks...　

　（３）、再点选　Create tasks.json file from template

（４）、点选 Others

（５）、对出现的 tasks.json 进行修改。label 与上面的launch.json 中的 preLaunchTask 相对应。command 相当于在bash中编译 .cpp文件时的命令。

　　（６）、最终修改的结果如下：

附　tasks.json　文件最终配置如下：

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ],
    "presentation": {
        "echo": true,
        "reveal": "always",
        "focus": false,
        //"panel": "shared",
        //"showReuseMessage": true,
        //"clear": false
    }
}

４、回到　01.cpp　文件，按F5即可编译运行该程序，结果如下所示：

方法二、安装插件 Code Runner 来进行编译，如下图第一个插件。

点击箭头出的小三角即可编译

方法三、安装 C/C++ Compile Run 插件，按F6 可直接进行编译运行 .cpp 文件

注意：linux 系统上必须要安装有gcc/g++；windows系统上必须要安装有mingw 才可以。

二、总结

1、方法一可以进行断点调试，方法二、三只能进行编译运行。

2、vscode的Variables Reference

Predefined variables :
${workspaceFolder} - the path of the folder opened in VS Code
${workspaceFolderBasename} - the name of the folder opened in VS Code 
                            without any slashes (/)
${file} - the current opened file
${relativeFile} - the current opened file relative to workspaceFolder
${fileBasename} - the current opened file's basename
${fileBasenameNoExtension} - the current opened file's basename with no file extension
${fileDirname} - the current opened file's dirname
${fileExtname} - the current opened file's extension
${cwd} - the task runner's current working directory on startup
${lineNumber} - the current selected line number in the active file
${selectedText} - the current selected text in the active file
${execPath} - the path to the running VS Code executable


Predefined variables examples
Supposing that you have the following requirements:

A file located at /home/your-username/your-project/folder/file.ext opened in your editor;
The directory /home/your-username/your-project opened as your root workspace.
So you will have the following values for each variable:

${workspaceFolder} - /home/your-username/your-project
${workspaceFolderBasename} - your-project
${file} - /home/your-username/your-project/folder/file.ext
${relativeFile} - folder/file.ext
${fileBasename} - file.ext
${fileBasenameNoExtension} - file
${fileDirname} - /home/your-username/your-project/folder
${fileExtname} - .ext
${lineNumber} - line number of the cursor
${selectedText} - text selected in your code editor
${execPath} - location of Code.exe

参考资料：

[1] 构建Visual Studio Code编译调试Linux C++环境

[2] 在Ubuntu中用Visual Studio Code编译调试C\C++

[3] Visual Studio Code 如何编写运行 C、C++ 程序

[4] VS Code 搭建 C/C++ 编译运行环境的三种方案