数据库连接池详细说明

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数据库连接池详细说明
首先建立个池子，里面放这我们需要的链接，党我们需要链接的时候从池子里面取，取的时候先判断是否有空闲的，有就拿来用，否则检查是否全用了，如果没有全用，则新建，否则等待或者异常抛出。
假设我们要链接不同的数据库，把相关的配置写在一个xml文件，格式如下：
ds.config.xml
<ds-config>
<pool>
<type>mysql</type>
<name>test</name>
<driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver>
<url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</url>
<username>root</username>
<password>123456</password>
<maxconn>100</maxconn>
</pool>
<pool>
<type>mysql</type>
<name>user2</name>
<driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver>
<url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</url>
<username>root</username>
<password>123456</password>
<maxconn>10</maxconn>
</pool>
</ds-config>
然后我们建立个javabean来对应这个xml，
DSConfigBean.java
package com.cgogo.dbPool;

public class DSConfigBean {
private String type = ""; // 数据库类型
private String name = ""; // 连接池名字
private String driver = ""; // 数据库驱动
private String url = ""; // 数据库url
private String username = ""; // 用户名
private String password = ""; // 密码
private int maxconn = 0; // 最大连接数
public DSConfigBean() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
相关的set和get省略
}

接下来需要建立个池的类，来建立和释放链接
DBConnectionPool.java
package com.cgogo.dbPool;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Timer;

public class DBConnectionPool {
private Connection con = null;
private int inUsed = 0; // 使用的连接数
private ArrayList freeConnections = new ArrayList();// 容器，空闲连接
private int minConn; // 最小连接数
private int maxConn; // 最大连接
private String name; // 连接池名字
private String password; // 密码
private String url; // 数据库连接地址
private String driver; // 驱动
private String user; // 用户名
public Timer timer; // 定时

省略set和get
public DBConnectionPool() {
}

public DBConnectionPool(String name, String driver, String URL,
     String user, String password, int maxConn) {
    this.name = name;
    this.driver = driver;
    this.url = URL;
    this.user = user;
    this.password = password;
    this.maxConn = maxConn;
}

//用完，释放连接

public synchronized void freeConnection(Connection con) {
    this.freeConnections.add(con);// 添加到空闲连接的末尾
    this.inUsed--;
}

// timeout 根据timeout得到连接
public synchronized Connection getConnection(long timeout) {
    Connection con = null;
    if (this.freeConnections.size() > 0) {
     con = (Connection) this.freeConnections.get(0);
     if (con == null)
      con = getConnection(timeout); // 继续获得连接
    } else {
     con = newConnection(); // 新建连接
    }
    if (this.maxConn == 0 || this.maxConn < this.inUsed) {
     con = null;// 达到最大连接数，暂时不能获得连接了。
    }
    if (con != null) {
     this.inUsed++;
    }
    return con;
}

// 从连接池里得到连接
public synchronized Connection getConnection() {
    Connection con = null;
    if (this.freeConnections.size() > 0) {
     con = (Connection) this.freeConnections.get(0);
     this.freeConnections.remove(0);// 如果连接分配出去了，就从空闲连接里删除
     if (con == null)
      con = getConnection(); // 继续获得连接
    } else {
     con = newConnection(); // 新建连接
    }
    if (this.maxConn == 0 || this.maxConn < this.inUsed) {
     con = null;// 等待超过最大连接时
    }
    if (con != null) {
     this.inUsed++;
     System.out.println("得到　" + this.name + "　的连接，现有" + inUsed
       + "个连接在使用!");
    }
    return con;
}

// 释放全部连接
public synchronized void release() {
    Iterator allConns = this.freeConnections.iterator();
    while (allConns.hasNext()) {
     Connection con = (Connection) allConns.next();
     try {
      con.close();
     } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
    this.freeConnections.clear();
}

//创建新连接
private Connection newConnection() {
    try {
     Class.forName(driver);
     con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
     System.out.println("sorry can't find db driver!");
    } catch (SQLException e1) {
     e1.printStackTrace();
     System.out.println("sorry can't create Connection!");
    }
    return con;
}
}

接下来有个管理连接池的类
DBConnectionManager.java
package com.cgogo.dbPool;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Vector;

public class DBConnectionManager {
static private DBConnectionManager instance;// 唯一数据库连接池管理实例类
static private int clients; // 客户连接数
private Vector drivers = new Vector();// 驱动信息
private Hashtable pools = new Hashtable();// 连接池

// 实例化管理类
public DBConnectionManager() {
this.init();
}

// 得到唯一实例管理类
static synchronized public DBConnectionManager getInstance() {
    if (instance == null) {
     instance = new DBConnectionManager();
    }
    return instance;
}

// 释放连接
public void freeConnection(String name, Connection con) {
    DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);// 根据关键名字得到连接池
    if (pool != null)
     pool.freeConnection(con);// 释放连接
}

//得到一个连接根据连接池的名字name
public Connection getConnection(String name) {
    DBConnectionPool pool = null;
    Connection con = null;
    pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);// 从名字中获取连接池
    con = pool.getConnection();// 从选定的连接池中获得连接
    if (con != null)
     System.out.println("得到连接。。。");
    return con;
}

// 得到一个连接，根据连接池的名字和等待时间
public Connection getConnection(String name, long timeout) {
    DBConnectionPool pool = null;
    Connection con = null;
    pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);// 从名字中获取连接池
    con = pool.getConnection(timeout);// 从选定的连接池中获得连接
    System.out.println("得到连接。。。");
    return con;
}

// 释放所有连接
public synchronized void release() {
    Enumeration allpools = pools.elements();
    while (allpools.hasMoreElements()) {
     DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) allpools.nextElement();
     if (pool != null)
      pool.release();
    }
    pools.clear();
}

// 创建连接池
private void createPools(DSConfigBean dsb) {
    DBConnectionPool dbpool = new DBConnectionPool();
    dbpool.setName(dsb.getName());
    dbpool.setDriver(dsb.getDriver());
    dbpool.setUrl(dsb.getUrl());
    dbpool.setUser(dsb.getUsername());
    dbpool.setPassword(dsb.getPassword());
    dbpool.setMaxConn(dsb.getMaxconn());
    System.out.println("ioio:" + dsb.getMaxconn());
    pools.put(dsb.getName(), dbpool);
}

//初始化连接池的参数
private void init() {
    this.loadDrivers();// 加载驱动程序
    Iterator alldriver = drivers.iterator();// 创建连接池
    while (alldriver.hasNext()) {
     this.createPools((DSConfigBean) alldriver.next());
     System.out.println("创建连接池。。。");
    }
    System.out.println("创建连接池完毕。。。");
}

//加载驱动程序
private void loadDrivers() {
    ParseDSConfig pd = new ParseDSConfig();
    drivers = pd.readConfigInfo("ds.config.xml");// 读取数据库配置文件
    System.out.println("加载驱动程序。。。");
}
}

对xml文件解析类ParseDSConfig.java
package com.cgogo.dbPool;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.Format;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

public class ParseDSConfig {
public ParseDSConfig() {
}

//读取xml配置文件
public Vector readConfigInfo(String path) {
    String rpath = this.getClass().getResource("").getPath().substring(1)
      + path;
    Vector dsConfig = null;
    FileInputStream fi = null;
    try {
     fi = new FileInputStream(rpath);// 读取路径文件
     dsConfig = new Vector();
     SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
     Document doc = sb.build(fi);
     Element root = doc.getRootElement();
     List pools = root.getChildren();
     Element pool = null;
     Iterator allPool = pools.iterator();
     while (allPool.hasNext()) {
      pool = (Element) allPool.next();
      DSConfigBean dscBean = new DSConfigBean();
      dscBean.setType(pool.getChild("type").getText());
      dscBean.setName(pool.getChild("name").getText());
      System.out.println(dscBean.getName());
      dscBean.setDriver(pool.getChild("driver").getText());
      dscBean.setUrl(pool.getChild("url").getText());
      dscBean.setUsername(pool.getChild("username").getText());
      dscBean.setPassword(pool.getChild("password").getText());
      dscBean.setMaxconn(Integer.parseInt(pool.getChild("maxconn")
        .getText()));
      dsConfig.add(dscBean);
     }

    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (JDOMException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally {
     try {
      fi.close();
     } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
    return dsConfig;
}
}

把ds.config.xml放置包名下，可以写个测试类
TestPool.java
package com.cgogo.dbPool;

import java.sql.*;

public class TestPool {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    DBConnectionManager connectionMan = DBConnectionManager.getInstance();
    String name = "test";// 从上下文得到你要访问的数据库的名字
    Connection con = null;

    // 操作
    try {
     con = connectionMan.getConnection(name);
     Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
     String sql = "select * from test";
     ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
     while (rs.next()) {
      System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
      System.out.println(rs.getString("password"));
     }
    } catch (Exception e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      connectionMan.freeConnection(name, con);// 释放，但并未断开连接
    }

    try {
     con = connectionMan.getConnection(name);
     Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
     String sql = "select * from test";
     ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
     while (rs.next()) {
      System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
      System.out.println(rs.getString("password"));
     }
    } catch (Exception e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
     connectionMan.freeConnection(name, con);
    }
}
}

控制台输出结果
Test
User2
加载驱动程序。。。
ioio:100
创建连接池。。。
ioio:1000
创建连接池。。。
创建连接池完毕。。。
得到　test　的连接，现有1个连接在使用!
得到连接。。。
tangshun
tangshun
得到　test　的连接，现有1个连接在使用!
得到连接。。。
tangshun
tangshun