微服务环境的搭建

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-16 12:07:46 发布

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#微服务 #mybatis #java

本文介绍了一个基于Spring Cloud Alibaba的微服务架构实现方案，包括技术选型、服务间调用方式及具体的项目搭建过程。

1.技术选型

maven：3.5.0+

数据库：MySQL 5.7 以上

持久层: Mybatis-plus 《Mybatis Mapper Mybatis-plus》

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈 druid

2.微服务的调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为

例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

3.创建父工程

创建一个springboot工程

3.1替换pom文件的一些文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <modules>
        <module>qy151-wsh-springcloud-common</module>
        <module>qy151-wsh-springcloud-product</module>
        <module>qy151-wsh-springcloud-order</module>
        <module>qy151-wsh-springcloud-gateway</module>
    </modules>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
    <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <!--定义版本号-->
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.3.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    
    <!--dependencyManagement:它只负责jar的版本号管理，不负责jar的下载,交于子模块，子模块在使用时无需指定版本号
          :springboot springcloud  springcloudalibaba之间版本一定要匹配
    -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springcloud的版本管理-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springcloudalibaba的版本管理-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.2在设置中隐藏不需要的文件

删除父工程的src

4.创建公共配置微服务

4.1在父工程创建新的服务为公共配置微服务，加入pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud-common</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

4.2创建实体类

order:订单实体类

@Data
@TableName("shop_order")
public class Order {
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long oid; //订单id
    private Integer uid;//用户id
    private String username;//用户名
    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer number;//购买数量
}

product:商品实体类

@Data
@TableName(value="shop_product")
public class Product {
    @TableId(type= IdType.AUTO)
    private Integer pid;
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer stock;//库存
}

5.创建订单微服务，商品微服务

5.1订单pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud-order</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
            <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--openfeign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

5.2商品订单pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud-product</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--引入公共模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.wsh</groupId>
            <artifactId>qy151-wsh-springcloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入ali的nacos-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>