linux学习lesson19

目录

1 压缩打包介绍

2 gzip压缩工具

3 bzip2压缩工具

4 xz压缩工具

---

1 压缩打包介绍

• Windows下打包后缀名常见有

.rar .zip .7z

• Linux打包后缀名常见有

.zip,.gz,.bz2,.xz,.tar.gz,.tar.bz2,.tar.xz

 

 

2 gzip压缩工具

• 新建一个文件，进行压缩

[root@worker1 ~]# find /etc/ -type f -exec cat {} > test.txt \;
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt

• 压缩

[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# gzip test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.gz
6.9M    test.txt.gz

• 解压

法1：
[root@worker1 ~]# gzip -d test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt

法2：
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# gunzip test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt

• 指定压缩级别

gzip -9 test.txt 数值越大压缩效果越高范围1-9，默认是6

[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# gzip -9 test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.gz
6.8M    test.txt.gz

• 查看压缩文件内容

[root@worker1 ~]# zcat test.txt.gz | head
# Generated by LVM2 version 2.02.177(2)-RHEL7 (2018-01-22): Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

contents = "Text Format Volume Group"
version = 1

description = "Created *before* executing 'vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2'"

creation_host = "worker1"    # Linux worker1 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64
creation_time = 1537909560    # Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

• 指定压缩文件的路径，并且保留源文件

[root@worker1 ~]# gzip -c test.txt > ./test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.gz

• 指定解压文件的路径，并且保留压缩文件

[root@worker1 ~]# gunzip -c test.txt.gz > /tmp/test.txt.new
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls /tmp/
dir1  dir2  lesson8  lesson9  passwd  passwd.conf  passwd.sh  passwd.txt  test.txt.new

• gzip不能压缩目录

 

3 bzip2压缩工具

• 安装bzip2工具包

[root@worker1 ~]# yum install bzip2

• 压缩

[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.gz
6.9M    test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz2
6.0M    test.txt.bz2

• 解压

法1：
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 -d test.txt.bz2
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.gz

法2：
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# bunzip2 test.txt.bz2
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.gz

• 指定压缩级别

bzip2 -6 test.txt 数值越大压缩效果越高范围1-9，默认是9
[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz2
6.0M    test.txt.bz2
[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 -6 test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz2
6.1M    test.txt.bz2

• 如果把压缩的后缀更改了，使用file命令查看原文件的压缩文件格式

[root@worker1 ~]# mv test.txt.bz2 1.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
1.txt  anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# file 1.txt
1.txt: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 600k
[root@worker1 ~]# mv 1.txt test.txt.bz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz
6.1M    test.txt.bz

• 查看压缩文件内容

[root@worker1 ~]# bzcat test.txt.bz | head
# Generated by LVM2 version 2.02.177(2)-RHEL7 (2018-01-22): Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

contents = "Text Format Volume Group"
version = 1

description = "Created *before* executing 'vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2'"

creation_host = "worker1"    # Linux worker1 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64
creation_time = 1537909560    # Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

• 指定压缩文件的路径，并且保留源文件

[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 -c test.txt > ./test.txt.bz2
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz2
6.0M    test.txt.bz2

• 指定解压文件的路径，并且保留源文件

[root@worker1 ~]# bzip2 -c -d test.txt.bz2 > /tmp/test.txt.new2
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls /tmp/
dir1  lesson8  passwd       passwd.sh   test.txt.new
dir2  lesson9  passwd.conf  passwd.txt  test.txt.new2
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh /tmp/test.txt.new2
20M    /tmp/test.txt.new2

• bzip2不能压缩目录

 

4 xz压缩工具

• 压缩

[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# xz test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.xz
5.0M    test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.bz2
6.0M    test.txt.bz2
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.gz
6.9M    test.txt.gz

• 解压

法1：
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# xz -d test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz

法2：
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# unxz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz

• 指定压缩级别
• xz -6 test.txt 数值越大压缩效果越高范围1-9，默认是9

[root@worker1 ~]# xz test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.xz
5.0M    test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# xz -6 test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.xz
5.0M    test.txt.xz

• 查看压缩文件内容

[root@worker1 ~]# xzcat test.txt.xz | head
# Generated by LVM2 version 2.02.177(2)-RHEL7 (2018-01-22): Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

contents = "Text Format Volume Group"
version = 1

description = "Created *before* executing 'vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2'"

creation_host = "worker1"    # Linux worker1 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64
creation_time = 1537909560    # Wed Sep 26 05:06:00 2018

• 指定压缩文件的路径，并且保留源文件

[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz
[root@worker1 ~]# xz -c test.txt > ./test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.xz
5.0M    test.txt.xz

• 指定解压文件的路径

[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# xz -d -c test.txt.xz > ./test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dir1  test.txt  test.txt.bz2  test.txt.gz  test.txt.xz
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt
20M    test.txt
[root@worker1 ~]# du -sh test.txt.xz
5.0M    test.txt.xz

• xz不能压缩目录