logback日志组件使用案例

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本文详细介绍如何在Maven项目中引入Logback依赖，并通过示例演示如何配置logback.xml来实现不同级别的日志记录，包括控制台输出及滚动文件记录。

关于logback：

http://www.cnblogs.com/warking/p/5710303.html

官方文档

使用logback：

idea创建maven项目

修改pom.xml添加依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.dylan.java</groupId>
    <artifactId>javacore</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/ch.qos.logback/logback-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/ch.qos.logback/logback-classic -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
</project>

配置logback.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds">
    
    <property name="log.base" value="E:/ideaProjects/log/" />

    <appender name="startup.console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <pattern>[%-5level][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%F:%L] - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="startup.file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>
        <File>${log.base}startup.log</File>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <FileNamePattern>${log.base}startup_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
            <!--保留30天-->
            <MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <!-- <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <pattern>[%-5level][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%F:%L] - %msg%n</pattern>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{5} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder> -->
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
            </pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <root level="ERROR">
    <appender-ref ref="startup.console"/>
    </root>

    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="startup.console"/>
    </root>

    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="startup.file"/>
    </root>

</configuration>

创建测试类：

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Created by dylan-pc on 2017/10/23.
 */
public class TestLogback {
    private static final transient Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestLogback.class);

    public static void main(String args[]){
        //System.out.println("Hello World!");
        log.info("程序开始！");
        try {
            for (int i=1; i<=20; i++){
                int r1=(int)(Math.random()*10);  //被除数
                int r2=(int)(Math.random()*100+99); //除数
                log.debug("第"+i+"次计算表达式为："+r2+"/"+r1);
                log.debug("计算结果："+(r2/r1));
                log.info("----------------------------------");
            }

        }catch (ArithmeticException  e){
            log.error("程序异常！除数等于0！");
            //log.error(e.getStackTrace().toString());
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("程序异常！"+e.getMessage());
        }

        log.trace("程序结束！");

    }


}

查看控制台和日志文件：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port=7533 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=D:\program\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.5\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_80\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;E:\ideaProjects\test\javacore\target\test-classes;E:\ideaProjects\test\javacore\target\classes;D:\program\apache-maven-3.5.0\local-repo\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.21\slf4j-api-1.7.21.jar;D:\program\apache-maven-3.5.0\local-repo\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.1.7\logback-core-1.1.7.jar;D:\program\apache-maven-3.5.0\local-repo\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.1.7\logback-classic-1.1.7.jar;D:\program\IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.5\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain TestLogback
22:37:31,675 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy]
22:37:31,675 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml]
22:37:31,675 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Found resource [logback.xml] at [file:/E:/ideaProjects/test/javacore/target/classes/logback.xml]
22:37:31,765 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - debug attribute not set
22:37:31,777 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Will scan for changes in [file:/E:/ideaProjects/test/javacore/target/classes/logback.xml]
22:37:31,777 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Setting ReconfigureOnChangeTask scanning period to 30 seconds
22:37:31,789 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender]
22:37:31,793 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [startup.console]
22:37:31,863 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
22:37:31,866 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [startup.file]
22:37:31,871 |-ERROR in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter@13:19 - no applicable action for [Encoding], current ElementPath is [[configuration][appender][Encoding]]
22:37:31,880 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy@1026546903 - No compression will be used
22:37:31,882 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy@1026546903 - Will use the pattern E:/ideaProjects/log/startup_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log for the active file
22:37:31,887 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - The date pattern is 'yyyy-MM-dd' from file name pattern 'E:/ideaProjects/log/startup_%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log'.
22:37:31,887 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Roll-over at midnight.
22:37:31,890 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Setting initial period to Mon Oct 23 22:36:58 CST 2017
22:37:31,894 |-WARN in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[startup.file] - This appender no longer admits a layout as a sub-component, set an encoder instead.
22:37:31,894 |-WARN in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[startup.file] - To ensure compatibility, wrapping your layout in LayoutWrappingEncoder.
22:37:31,894 |-WARN in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[startup.file] - See also http://logback.qos.ch/codes.html#layoutInsteadOfEncoder for details
22:37:31,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[startup.file] - Active log file name: E:/ideaProjects/log/startup.log
22:37:31,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[startup.file] - File property is set to [E:/ideaProjects/log/startup.log]
22:37:31,897 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to ERROR
22:37:31,897 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [startup.console] to Logger[ROOT]
22:37:31,898 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
22:37:31,898 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [startup.console] to Logger[ROOT]
22:37:31,898 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
22:37:31,898 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [startup.file] to Logger[ROOT]
22:37:31,898 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - End of configuration.
22:37:31,899 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator@114bc6a3 - Registering current configuration as safe fallback point

[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:14] - 程序开始！
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第1次计算表达式为：107/9
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:20] - 计算结果：11
[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:21] - ----------------------------------
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第2次计算表达式为：143/9
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:20] - 计算结果：15
[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:21] - ----------------------------------
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第3次计算表达式为：192/7
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:20] - 计算结果：27
[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:21] - ----------------------------------
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第4次计算表达式为：163/4
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:20] - 计算结果：40
[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:21] - ----------------------------------
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第5次计算表达式为：148/4
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:20] - 计算结果：37
[INFO ][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:21] - ----------------------------------
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:19] - 第6次计算表达式为：193/0
[ERROR][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:25] - 程序异常！除数等于0！
[DEBUG][2017-10-23 22:37:31][TestLogback.java:31] - 程序结束！

Process finished with exit code 0

start

...

19:39:14.928 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第9次计算表达式为：194/5
19:39:14.928 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 计算结果：38
19:39:14.928 [main] INFO TestLogback - ----------------------------------
19:39:14.928 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第10次计算表达式为：160/2
19:39:14.928 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 计算结果：80
19:39:14.928 [main] INFO TestLogback - ----------------------------------
19:44:39.451 [main] INFO TestLogback - 程序开始！
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第1次计算表达式为：116/8
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 计算结果：14
19:44:39.459 [main] INFO TestLogback - ----------------------------------
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第2次计算表达式为：194/5
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 计算结果：38
19:44:39.459 [main] INFO TestLogback - ----------------------------------
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第3次计算表达式为：109/3
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 计算结果：36
19:44:39.459 [main] INFO TestLogback - ----------------------------------
19:44:39.459 [main] DEBUG TestLogback - 第4次计算表达式为：109/0
19:44:39.459 [main] ERROR TestLogback - 程序异常！