yaff2文件系统在FL2440上的移植

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 06:11:37 发布

Hyacinyh

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 06:11:37 发布

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分类专栏： Bootloader 文章标签： system filesystems library applet build 编译器

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本文介绍了一种针对FL2440开发板的简易文件系统移植过程，包括准备工具、配置内核、构建文件系统及解决启动过程中遇到的问题。

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一、移植环境

主机：Fedora 14 （kernel-2.6.33.7）
开发板：FL2440(nandflash:K9F1G08 128MB)

编译器：arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2

二、移植步骤

FL2440开发板自带的是带有集成了QT的文件系统，本身大小也较大，启动的时候需要加载的模块也比较多，所以导致开机时间比较慢。由于目前阶段我暂时不需要用到QT，所以就想为FL2440移植一个比较简单的文件系统，减少开机时间。具体移植步骤如下。

1. 移植前的准备。为了进行本次文件系统移植，需要准备三个工具：

busybox-1.13.1.tar.bz2，用于生成linux所需要的命令和工具，

mkyaffs2image，用于制作yaffs2文件系统。

yaffs2补丁，用于给配置内核，使内核支持yaffs2文件系统。

2. 准备工作目录，进入工作目录，打上yaffs2补丁。

#mkdir rootfs
#cd rootfs
#tar -xzvf yaffs2.tar.gz
#cd yaffs2
#./patch-ker.sh c /home/skywalker/linux-2.6.33/
Updating ../linux-2.6.33.7//fs/Kconfig
Updating ../linux-2.6.33.7

出现上述两行字样，则表示已经打好补丁

3. 配置内核如下，使内核支持yaffs2文件系统。配置完成后重新编译内核，下载。(如果在移植内核的时候已经加入对yaffs2的支持，yaffs2补丁和这一步可以省略)。

File systems --->
< > Second extended fs support
< > Ext3 journalling file system support
< > The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem
< > Reiserfs support
< > JFS filesystem support
< > XFS filesystem support
< > OCFS2 file system support
< > Btrfs filesystem (EXPERIMENTAL) Unstable disk format
[*] Enable POSIX file locking API
[*] Dnotify support
[*] Inotify file change notification support
[*] Inotify support for userspace
[ ] Quota support
Kernel automounter support
Kernel automounter version 4 support (also supports v3)
FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) support
Caches --->
CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems --->
<*> ISO 9660 CDROM file system support
[ ] Microsoft Joliet CDROM extensions
[ ] Transparent decompression extension
< > UDF file system support
DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->
<*> MSDOS fs support
<*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support
(437) Default codepage for FAT
(iso8859-1) Default iocharset for FAT
< > NTFS file system support
Pseudo filesystems --->
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems --->
--- Miscellaneous filesystems
< > ADFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > Amiga FFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > Apple Macintosh file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > Apple Extended HFS file system support
< > BeOS file system (BeFS) support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > BFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > EFS file system support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*> YAFFS2 file system support
-*- 512 byte / page devices
[ ] Use older-style on-NAND data format with pageStatus byte
[ ] Lets Yaffs do its own ECC
-*- 2048 byte (or larger) / page devices
[*] Autoselect yaffs2 format
[ ] Disable lazy loading
[ ] Turn off wide tnodes
[ ] Force chunk erase check
[*] Cache short names in RAM
<*> Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support
(0) JFFS2 debugging verbosity (0 = quiet, 2 = noisy)
[*] JFFS2 write-buffering support
[ ] Verify JFFS2 write-buffer reads
[*] JFFS2 summary support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] JFFS2 XATTR support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] Advanced compression options for JFFS2
<*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs)
SquashFS 4.0 - Squashed file system support
[ ] Additional option for memory-constrained systems
< > FreeVxFS file system support (VERITAS VxFS(TM) compatible)
< > Minix file system support
< > SonicBlue Optimized MPEG File System support
< > OS/2 HPFS file system support
< > QNX4 file system support (read only)
<*> ROM file system support
RomFS backing stores (Block device-backed ROM file system support) --
< > System V/Xenix/V7/Coherent file system support
< > UFS file system support (read only)
< > NILFS2 file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] Network File Systems --->
Partition Types --->
-*- Native language support --->
< > Distributed Lock Manager (DLM) --->

4. 修改busybox顶层Makefile，使busybox支持适应arm平台，并配置busybox，加入或减少必要的参数。

#tar -xjvf busybox-1.13.1.tar.bz2
#cd busybox-1.13.1
#vim Makefile
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux- (164行左右)
ARCH ?= arm (189行左右)

配置busybox选项，下面只列出了要注意的地方，没有列出的默认即可

#make menuconfig
Makefile:422: *** Mixed implicit and normal rules. stop
Makefile:1270: *** Mixed implicit and normal rules. stop

在make menuconfig的时候出现了上述两个错误，意思是混合隐式和普通的规则。以前并未见过类似的错误，所以看着这两个错误也云里雾里，上百度也找不到解决的办法。最后在一个国外的嵌入式论坛找到原因：是make版本差异导致的，我的fedora14上的make版本是3.82，而这busybox适应的make版本是3.81，所以规则存在差异。解决办法就是打补丁，或者手动修改如下：

把422行

config %config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree) KBUILD_SRC= .kernelrelease

改为

%config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree) KBUILD_SRC= .kernelrelease

把1270行

/ %/: prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \
$(build)=$(build-dir)

改为

%/: prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \
$(build)=$(build-dir)

修改完毕后便可以进行busybox的配置

Busybox Settings --->
General Configuration --->
Buffer allocation policy (Allocate with Malloc) --->
[*] Show verbose applet usage messages
[*] Store applet usage messages in compressed form
[*] Support --install [-s] to install applet links at runtime
[*] Enable locale support (system needs locale for this to work)
[*] Support for --long-options
[*] Use the devpts filesystem for Unix98 PTYs
[*] Support writing pidfiles
[*] Runtime SUID/SGID configuration via /etc/busybox.conf
[*] Suppress warning message if /etc/busybox.conf is not readable
(/proc/self/exe) Path to BusyBox executable
Build Options --->
[*] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
[*] Build with Large File Support (for accessing files > 2 GB)
Installation Options --->
[ ] Don't use /usr
Applets links (as soft-links) --->
(./_install) BusyBox installation prefix
Busybox Library Tuning --->
(6) Minimum password length
(2) MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed
[*] Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)
[*] Command line editing
(1024) Maximum length of input
[*] vi-style line editing commands
(15) History size
[*] History saving
[*] Tab completion
[*] Fancy shell prompts
(4) Copy buffer size, in kilobytes
[*] Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages
[*] Support infiniband HW
Linux Module Utilities --->
(/lib/modules) Default directory containing modules
(modules.dep) Default name of modules.dep
[*] insmod
[*] rmmod
[*] lsmod
[*] modprobe
--- Options common to multiple modutils
[ ] Support version 2.2/2.4 Linux kernels
[*] Support tainted module checking with new kernels
[*] Support for module.aliases file
[*] Support for module.symbols fileLinux System Utilities --->

编译make之后，出现如下错误

[skywalker@localhost busybox-1.13.1]$make
CC networking/interface.o
networking/interface.c:818: error: `ARPHRD_INFINIBAND' undeclared here (not in a function)
networking/interface.c:818: error: initializer element is not constant
networking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')
make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1
make: *** [networking] 错误 2
[skywalker@localhost busybox-1.13.1]$

通过查看内核源代码目录中的“include/linux/ifarp.h”文件可得知“ARPHRDINFINIBAND”的值为“32”，然后修改“networking/interface.c”文件，在其中添加如下定义，再重新编译即可通过。

#vim networking/interface.c
#define ARPHRD_INFINIBAND 32 /* InfiniBand */
#make
#make install

5. 开始构建文件系统

1). 新建一个目录root_2.6.33，吧busybox-1.13.1/_install目录下生成bin、linuxrc、sbin、usr全部复制到这个目录，并且在该目录下创建文件系统所需要的其他目录。

#mkdir root-2.6.33

#cp -rf busybox-1.13.1/_install/* root-2.6.33/

#cd root-2.6.33/

#mkdir dev etc home lib mnt opt proc tmp var www sys

2).向各目录中添加文件系统所需要的目录或文件，没有提到的就不用添加。这里要注意各种文件的权限，建议都改为777，命令：#chmod 777 文件名。

"dev"目录，创建两个设备文件：

#mknod console c 5 1
#mknod null c 1 3

"etc"目录，创建各种配置文件并向里面添加内容，没有列出的就不用添加：

boa/boa.conf: boa WEB服务器配置文件，暂时为空。

group: 系统用户组配置文件，内容如下：

root:*:0:
daemon:*:1:
bin:*:2:
sys:*:3:
adm:*:4:
tty:*:5:
disk:*:6:
lp:*:7:lp
mail:*:8:
news:*:9:
uucp:*:10:
proxy:*:13:
kmem:*:15:
dialout:*:20:
fax:*:21:
voice:*:22:
cdrom:*:24:
floppy:*:25:
tape:*:26:
sudo:*:27:
audio:*:29:
ppp:x:99:
500:x:500:plg
501:x:501:fa

inittab: 系统init进程配置文件，内容如下：

# /etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
console::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r

另一选择：

# /etc/inittab
#Startup the system
null::sysinit:/bin/mount -o remount, rw /
null::sysinit:/bin/mount -t proc proc /proc
null::sysinit:/bin/mount -a
#null::sysinit:/bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME
#now run any rc srcipts
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
#now invoke shell
::askfirst:/bin/sh
#logging junk
null::sysinit:/bin/touch /var/log/messages
null::respawn:/sbin/syslogd -n -m 0
null::respawn:/sbin/klogd -n
#stuff to do for the 3-finger salute
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
#stuff to do before rebooting
null::shutdown:/bin/killall klogd
null::shutdown:/bin/killall syslogd
null::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
null::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

mime.types: 暂时为空。

passwd: 系统密码文件，内容如下：

root::0:0:root:/:/bin/sh
ftp::14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:
bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
nobody:*:99:99:Nobody:/:
sky::502:502:Linux User,,,:/home/sky:/bin/sh

rc.d/init.d/httpd: 内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
base=boa
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
/usr/sbin/$base
;;
stop)
pid=`/bin/pidof $base`
if [ -n "$pid" ]; then
kill -9 $pid
fi
;;
esac
exit 0

sysconfig/HOSTNAME: 主机名称文件，内容如下：

yyq2440

fstab: 系统挂载文件系统列表，内容如下：

# device mount-point type options dump fsck order
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

另一选择：

#<file system> <mount pt> <type> <option> <dump> <pass>
/dev/root / ext2 rw.noauto 0 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

init.d/rcS: 系统启动加载项，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel
#
# Trap CTRL-C &c only in this shell so we can interrupt subprocesses.
#
/bin/mount -t proc none /proc
/bin/mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
/bin/mount -t tmpfs none /var
/bin/mkdir -p /var/log
/bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME
mdev.conf: mdev设备配置文件，暂时为空。
net.conf: 网络配置文件，暂时为空。
profile: 用户环境配置文件，内容如下：
# Ash profile
# vim: syntax=sh
# No core files by default
#ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
PS1='[\u@\h \W]\# '
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
export USER LOGNAME PS1 PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

resolv.conf: DNS配置文件，内容如下：

nameserver 61.144.56.100

"home"目录：创建一个sky目录，与etc目录passwd文件中的sky相对应

"lib"目录：这个里面放的都是库文件，直接从交叉编译器的库文件目录中拷贝过来，并删除不必要的符号信息，以减小所占容量：

#cp -f /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/*so* lib/ -a

#arm-linux-strip lib/*

6. 使用mkyaffs2image工具生成yaffs2文件系统。先把mkyaffs2image解压出来并复制到/usr/sbin/目录下，然后执行：

#mkyaffs2image root-2.6.33/ root-2.6.33.bin

即可生成yaffs2文件系统，下载到开发板启动，这时却出现一个比较烦人的错误。

List of all partitions:
1f00 128 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 384 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 3072 mtdblock2 (driver?)
1f03 61440 mtdblock3 (driver?)
1f04 512 mtdblock4 (driver?)
1f05 60928 mtdblock5 (driver?)
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 ext2 cramfs vfat msdos iso9660 romfs yaffs yaffs2
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,3)
Backtrace:
[<c00309bc>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x104) from [<c0030ad8>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
r7:c388c000 r6:c388c037 r5:00000000 r4:c381bf5c
[<c0030ac0>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c004d008>] (panic+0x3c/0x124)
[<c004cfcc>] (panic+0x0/0x124) from [<c0009044>] (mount_block_root+0x1d8/0x21c)
r3:00000003 r2:c381bf6f r1:c381bf5c r0:c03a39ac
[<c0008e6c>] (mount_block_root+0x0/0x21c) from [<c0009254>] (mount_root+0xd0/0xf0)
[<c0009184>] (mount_root+0x0/0xf0) from [<c00093e4>] (prepare_namespace+0x170/0x1d0)
r6:00000000 r5:c0024a0c r4:c042ca54
[<c0009274>] (prepare_namespace+0x0/0x1d0) from [<c0008c1c>] (kernel_init+0xd8/0x10c)
r5:c00238e8 r4:c042c838
[<c0008b44>] (kernel_init+0x0/0x10c) from [<c004f814>] (do_exit+0x0/0x5a4)
r5:00000000 r4:00000000

找了一些资料，这个错误时跟arm-linux-gcc版本有关。原来是我刚才把arm-linux-gcc换成了4.3.2惹的祸，4.*的版本编译出来的内核+yaffs2文件系统一般都会报错：Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!解决办法有两个。

a. 重新配置内核，选上以下参数：