javaEE项目在Servlet中读取web.xml中context-param和init-param参数

本文介绍如何在JavaEE项目的Servlet中正确读取web.xml文件中的context-param和init-param参数,并提供了具体的代码示例及解析。
javaEE项目Servlet中读取web.xml中context-param 和 init-param参数


一、问题描述
1、在servlet的init方法中,分别读取 context-param参数和init-param参数,结果分别的 null 和 获取到的value。
2、大概代码如下:
a. web.xml 中代码
<servlet>
  	<servlet-name>ServletHeader</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>com.xx.study.servlet.ServletHeader</servlet-class>\
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>servletParam</param-name>
  		<param-value>servlet init-param 初始化参数</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  
   <context-param>
  	<param-name>contextParam</param-name>
  	<param-value>context Param 参数</param-value>
  </context-param>

b. ServletHeader 中 init() 方法
            
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
	String contextParam = config.getInitParameter("contextParam");
	String servletParam = config.getInitParameter("servletParam");
// 结果:  contextParam:null    servletParam: servlet init-param 初始化参数
	String contextParam2 = config.getServletContext().getInitParameter("contextParam");
	String servletParam2 = config.getServletContext().getInitParameter("servletParam");
//结果:	contextParam2:context Param 参数   servletParam2: null
}

二、结果分析
1、 <init-param> 是 <servlet> 子元素,直接用 config.getInitParameter("xx"); 就可以获取到。
2、 <context-param> 是 <web-app> 根节点的下级元素,作用域是在整个ServletContext 范围内,需要 servletContext.getInitParameter("xx"); 才能获取到。
3、且 ServletContext 范围参数和 ServletConifg 范围参数不互通。

三、总结
1、获取 <servlet> 标签下的 <init-param> 属性值: servletConifg.getInitParameter("xx");
2、获取<web-app>下面的<context-param>属性值:servletContext.getInitParameter("xx");
3、注意获取属性值的方法名是一样的,但是调用的对象不一样。 (servlet范围和Application范围的区别)



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name></display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> classpath*:applicationContext*.xml classpath*:*Context.xml </param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>rms.root</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>com.hg.filter.UrlAuthListen</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>com.hg.filter.WebConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>XssFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.hg.aop.XssFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>XssFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- dwr 配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>activeReverseAjaxEnabled</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>crossDomainSessionSecurity</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <description>How quickly do scriptSessions timeout?</description> <param-name>scriptSessionTimeout</param-name> <param-value>1800000</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.directwebremoting.servlet.EfficientShutdownServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- dwr 配置 --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>具体解释一下web.xml的配置
07-08
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>ssm</display-name> <!-- 编码过滤器开始 --> <filter> <filter-name>charset</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>charset</filter-name> <!-- <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> --> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> </filter-mapping> <!-- 编码过滤器结束 --> <!-- 配置spring容器的监听器 开始 目地:在启用tomcat的时候加载 applicationContext.xml ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml') --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置上下文的参数 contextConfigLocation 在org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader里面--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置spring容器的监听器 结束--> <!-- 配置前端控制器开始 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--配置contextConfigLocation --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- load-on-startup 1 代表当tomcat启动加web.xml里就创建 DispatcherServlet的对象 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!-- *.action:所以的在xxxx.action结尾的请求都交给DispatcherServlet /* 所以的请求都交给DispacherServlet 包含静态文件的地址 js css png gif,使用此种方式可以实现 RESTful风格的url --> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置前端控制器结束 --> <!--欢迎页面 当tomcat启动的时候 直接执行的页面--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> classpath填什么?
08-08
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.mp3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.ttf</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.woff</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.woff2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.ppt</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.doc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.docx</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.xls</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.xlsx</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.zip</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.rar</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>wangzhan/index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
最新发布
09-09
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